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The Body Flashcards

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0
Q

Components of central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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1
Q

Function of the Nervous System

A

It is a communication system which controls and coordinates function throughout the body. Responds to internal and external stimuli.

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2
Q

Components of peripheral nervous system

A

Contain sensory and motor divisions, neurons, sense organs

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3
Q

What is a receptor and effector

A

Receptor- detect stimuli

Effector- respond to stimuli

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4
Q

Communication Flowchart

A

Receptor-> Sensory neuron (pns) -> interneuron (cns) -> motor neruon (pns) -> effector

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5
Q

Function of Sensory Neuron

A

Carries impulses from receptors to interneuron within brain and spinal cord.

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6
Q

Function of Interneuron

A

Transmit impulses from sensory to motor neurons, within brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Function of motor neuron

A

Carries impulses from interneurons to muscles and glands to cause a response

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8
Q

What is a dendrite

A

Projection that brings impulses into neuron to cell body

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9
Q

What is an axon

A

Carries impulses away from cell body, electrically insulated by myelin sheath

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10
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Gap between adjoining neurons across which nerve impulses are sent.

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11
Q

What happens during a synapse?

A

Electrical impulse reaches axon, neurotransmitter alters chemical surroundings next to neruons dendrites. Neurons fire and transmit impulse and neruons axon

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12
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

A reflex arc is a journey on which a reflex action takes. It bypasses the brain and is processed in the spinal cord. They protect the body before the brain knows what is going on. No conscious thought required.

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13
Q

Function of Cerebrum

A

Integrates information from all sense organs, initiates motor functions, controls emotion, holds memory and thought processes

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14
Q

Function of cerbellum

A

Processes input from other areas of the brain, spinal cord, sensory receptors to provide precise timing for co-ordinated smooth movements of the skeletal muscular system.

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15
Q

Function of brainstem

A

Controls breathing, heartbeat, articulate speech

16
Q

Function of medulla oblongata

A

Regulates reflex responses that control breathing, blood pressure, other involuntary functions.

17
Q

Similarities between sheep and human brain

A

Structure: both have cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla, brainstem, lobes

Both have crossing optic nerve tracts because of inverting lens in eyes

18
Q

Differences between sheep and human brain

A

Human more cerebral cortex than sheep
Size- human brain is larger
Shape- Sheep is elongated, directed outward, human rounded
Cerebellum- sheep smaller, result less motor function
Frontal lobes- larger in sheep

19
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

Release hormones into blood stream to signal other cells to behave in certain ways

20
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Controls system, above and sends message to pituitary gland

21
Q

Function of pituitary gland

A

Secretes nine hormones that directly regulate many body functions and controls functions of other glands. E.g. Growth hormone

Connected to nervous system through hypothalamus

22
Q

Function of thyroid gland.

A

Plays a major role in regulating body’s metabolism. E.g. Thyroid hormone

23
Q

Function of Pancreas

A

Releases insulin and glucagon to help keep blood levels stable

24
Q

Function of adrenal gland

A

Releases adrenaline help prepare body for stress, regulate kidney function

25
Q

Function of ovaries

A

Reproductive organs -eggs secrete oestrogen and progesterone ovulation

26
Q

Function of testes

A

Reproductive organ- sperm secretes testosterone give body man characteristics

27
Q

Similarities between nervous and endocrine system

A

Communication
Homeostasis
Maintain constant internal environment

28
Q

Differences

A 
Speed
Length of response
Target organs
How message travels
Type of message
Use of neurotransmitters
29
Q

What is a negative feedback loop

A

Switching off mechanism, happen when conditions change need for response altered

30
Q

Draw negative feedback loop for body temperature and blood glucose levels

A

See book

Science (4 decks)

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