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Opthalmology > The Blind Eye > Flashcards

The Blind Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Which layer of the retina is next to the choroid?

What are the 4 layers of the retina?

A

The outer most - the retinal pigmented epithelium (non neural)
RPE, photoreceptors, cells of the inner retina, ganglion cells

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2
Q

Which layer of the retina is next to the vitreous?

A

The inner most - the ganglion cells

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3
Q

What is the percentage decussation at the optic chiasm in a) cats and b) dogs

A

a) cats = 66%

b) dogs = 75%

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4
Q

Which photoreceptor cells are used more in low levels of light?

A

Rods

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5
Q

Which photoreceptor cells are used more in high levels of light?

A

Cones

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6
Q

How can long standing corneal pathology cause blindness? (vague processes)

A

Scarring, vascularization, pigment deposition

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7
Q

Give examples of chronic corneal pathology which could cause blindness

A 
KCS
LPI
EK 
Sequestra
Pigmentary keratitis
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8
Q

Give examples of ulcerative causes which could lead to blindness

A

KCS-related

Traumatic

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9
Q

What is symblepharon?

A

Adhesions of the conjunctiva onto itself and the cornea

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10
Q

Can you think of any conditions which may cause symblepharon?

A

“cat flu”
mainly the FHV-1 component
Leads to corneal epithelial cell depletion, advancement of the conjunctiva over the cornea and permenant focal or diffuse scar

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11
Q

What potentially blinding problem do pugs with entropion often get?

A

Pigmentary keratitis

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12
Q

What is a leukoma?

A

Persistant pupillary membranes spanning from iris to cornea

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13
Q

What do you get with persistant pupillary membranes stretching from iris to lens?

A

a cataract

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14
Q

Why do you get flare and KP with uveitis?

A

Uveitis leads to leakage of plasma or blood, we can then get flare/KPs/hypopion/hyphema/ clots in the AC and or vitreous

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15
Q

Why do you sometimes get corneal oedema with uveitis?

A

Damage to the endothelium

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16
Q

Where does the iris adhere to in uveitis?

A

Can adhere to the lens at the pupillary zone (posterior synechia)
or the cornea at the ciliary zone (peripheral synechia and closure of ICA)

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17
Q

What does PIFMs stand for?

A

preiridial fibrovascular membranes

18
Q

How do you get secondary glaucoma with uveitis?

A

Through clogging/closure of the ICA by PIFMs, peripheral synechia etc

19
Q

How can cataracts lead to secondary uveitis?

A

Phacolytic uveitis due to leakage of lens proteins into aqueous humour. This protein is normally encapsulated so not tolerated by the immune system

20
Q

What is facoclastic uveitis?

What is facolytic uveitis?

A

Inflammtion of the uvea due to release of lens proteins after penetration by a foreign body
Leakage of lens proteins with cataract –> uveitis

21
Q

recurrant uveitis is caused by breakdown of the BOB true or falsE?

A

true. Can lead to cataracts, glaucoma

22
Q

What is the proper name for periodic opthalmia/moon blindness?

A

Equine recurrant uveitis

23
Q

What might put you off about using topical steroids after surgery for diabetic cataracts?

A

steroids mess with diabetic control

24
Q

Name 4 cat diseases that can lead to blindness

A

FIP
FIV
FeLV
Toxo

25
Q

Name an exotic dog disease that causes blindness through vasculopathy

A

leishmania

26
Q

What is the name of the condition that causes uveitis/blindness and alopecia/depig in dogs?

A

uveodermatological syndrome

vkh like syndrome

27
Q

What parts of the lens can cataracts be in?

A

Any - equator, nucleus or cortex

28
Q

PPMs can lead to..

A

cataract

29
Q

WHat are cataracts sometimes associated with in rabbits and cats?

A

E cuniculi

30
Q

What electrolyte abnormality can cause cataracts in dogs?

A

hypocalcaemia

31
Q

Persistent hyaloid vasculature can be normal in what species up to what age?

A

calves 16m

32
Q

What diagnostic technique can you use to rule out vitreous problems such as failure of regression of fetal vessels?

A

ultrasound

33
Q

What is the name for liquefaction of the vitreous?

A

Syneresis

34
Q

What is asteroid hyalosis?

A

Particulate matter in the vitreous, often calcium and cholesterol crystals
May give a snow globe appearance

35
Q

what is collie eye anomoly?

A

choroidal hypoplasia. May be associated with a hole (coloboma) in the optic nerve head

36
Q

What does SARD stand for and how does it present?

A 
Sudden Acute Retinal Degeneration 
fundus looks normal
cushings like biochem & PUPD 
sudden onset blindness
Flat ERG
37
Q

What is IMR?

A

immune mediated retinopathy

like SARD but no cushings like signs

38
Q

WHat might this be: Sudden onset blindness, ERG is normal, possible haemorrhage of the optic nerve head

A

meningitis of unknown origin

39
Q

What are the causes of bullous retinal detachment in dogs and cats?

A

cat - hypertension

dog - rare, steroid responsive retinal detachment

40
Q

What might cause toxic retinopathy?

A

Cats on enro

41
Q

Is GPRA painful?

A

no

42
Q

What does retinal atrophy look like?

A

hyperreflective tapetum, attenuation of retinal vessels, possibly cataracts in late stage

Opthalmology (6 decks)

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