The Bits and Bytes of Computer Networking Flashcards
What are the five layers of the TCP/IP Model
- Application Layer
- Transport Layer
- Network Layer
- Data Link Layer
- Physical Layer
Cat5 Cable (copper)
- Uses voltage for transfer of data
Fiber Optic Cable (glass)
Uses bursts of light for transfer of data
What is a Switch?
A Layer 2 device that connects multiple networks or computers together and determines which to output first for effective communication
What is a router?
Layer 2 device that insects IP address in order to know where to send data.
what is DHCP?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is responsible for assigning IP addresses to clients connecting to the network.
What is ARP?
Address Resolution Protocol is used to discover the hardware address of a node from an IP address.
What is Subnetting?
The Process of taking large networks and splitting into smaller individual subnetworks or subnets which each subnet will have its own gateway router.
What is CIDR?
Classless Inner Domain Routing expands on the concept of Subnetting by allowing for arbitrary network sizes instead of being listed by IP address classes.
A network has the ability to direct traffic toward all of the receiving services. What provides this ability in the transport layer?
Multiplexing
The concept of taking traffic that’s all aimed at the same node and delivering it to the proper receiving service is known as?
Demultiplexing
What are the layers of the OSI Model?
- Application
- Presentation
- Session
- Transport
- Network
- Data Link
- Physical
Ports 1024-49151 are known as what kind of ports?
Registered ports
- Used for lots of other network services that might not be quite as common any user of any privilege can access these ports.
The instantiation of an endpoint in a potential TCP connection is known as a?
Socket
Which field in a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) header provides the next expected segment?
The Acknowledgment Number
A device involved in a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection is ready to close the connection. The other device in the connection agrees. What has occured?
A Four-way handshake. (FIN > ACK > FIN > ACK)
The data offset field in the TCP header is?
A 4-bit number that communicates how long the TCP header for this segment will be.
Ports 1-1023 are known as what kind of ports?
System ports
- Represents the official ports for most well-known network services and administrator-level access is needed to start a program that listens on a system ports.
Ports 49152-65535 are known as what kind of ports?
Private or Ephemeral ports
- Can’t be registered with the IANA and are generally used for establishing outbound connections.
What is Port Forwarding
A technique where specific destination ports can be configured to always allow inbound traffic.
How many Addresses does IPv4 have?
4.2 Billion
What is NAT
Network Address Translation (NAT) Is a technology that allows a gateway usually a router or firewall, to rewrite the source IP of an outgoing IP datagram while retaining the original IP in order to rewrite the response. This includes IP masquerading.
what kind of Resource Record is responsible for resolving an IP to a domain name?
Pointer Resource Record (PTR)
The final step of the DHCP Discovery process is known as?
DHCPACK
- DHCPDISCOVER
- DHCPOFFER
- DHCPREQUEST
- DHCPACK
The “www” portion of a domain is known as Subdomain and what else?
- Subdomain
2. Host Name
An IT systems engineer creates a new Domain Name System (DNS) zone that contains pointer (PTR) resource records. Which zone type has been created?
Reverse Look up zone?
Network Address Translation (NAT) technology provides a solution for which network problems?
Address Exhaustion
What port on a name server is used for User Datagram Protocol (UDP) name request packets?
Port 53
A complete Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is limited to how many characters?
127 Levels with 63 characters per section and total of 255 for the entire FQDN
During the name resolution process, which technique is used to avoid congestion when querying a server?
Anycast
