The biosphere: Unit 2: Requirements of sustaining life Flashcards
What 5 conditions are needed to sustain life?
- A source of energy
- Water
- Gases from the atmosphere
- Soil
- Temperatures that are not too hot or too cold.
1.1. A source of energy
All living organisms need a source of energy to carry out their life ________. In plants, this energy comes from the ____ and is used by the plants for ________________. Animals get their energy for their ____ processes from the food they eat.
All living organisms need a source of energy to carry out their life PROCESSES. In plants, this energy comes from the SUN and is used by the plants for PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Animals get their energy for their LIFE processes from the food they eat.
1.2. Gases from the atmosphere
Living organisms need gases from the atmosphere to carry out _______ life processes. Almost all living organisms need oxygen for _________. Plants need carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make ____ during the process of photosynthesis.
Living organisms need gases from the atmosphere to carry out CERTAIN life processes. Almost all living organisms need oxygen for RESPIRATION. Plants need carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make FOOD during the process of photosynthesis.
1.3. Water
Water is needed for many processes to take place in the _______ of living organisms. For example, plants need water for the ______ of photosynthesis. Animals need water in order to ______ their food. Water transports substances around the ______ of both plants and _________. A large part of the body of living organisms is made up of water.
Water is needed for many processes to take place in the BODIES of living organisms. For example, plants need water for the PROCESS of photosynthesis. Animals need water in order to DIGEST their food. Water transports substances around the BODIES of both plants and ANIMALS. A large part of the body of living organisms is made up of water.
1.4. Soil
Not all living organisms depend on ____ to survive. But they do depend on ______, and plants need soil in order to survive.
Not all living organisms depend on SOIL to survive. But they do depend on PLANTS, and plants need soil in order to survive.
1.5. Temperature
The life processes of living organisms can only take place within a certain ____ of temperatures. If the temperature is too hot or too ____, the organism will die as it cannot carry out its life processes
The life processes of living organisms can only take place within a certain RANGE of temperatures. If the temperature is too hot or too COLD, the organism will die as it cannot carry out its life processes
What do we call the ways in which organisms are suited to their environment?
Adaptations.
Where does the Emperor penguin live?
In the coldest environment on Earth, Antarctica.
What adaptations has the Emperor penguin overcome to keep warm?
- NOSTRILS: Take heat from penguins breath as it breathes out and use this heat to warm the air the penguin breathes in with its next breath
- 3 LAYERS OF SHORT, OILY, FEATHERS: Trap heat against their bodies and is waterproof, so the penguin’s body stays dry and does not freeze in the water
- GOOD SUPPLY OF BLOOD: The feet have a good supply of blood to keep them warm
What adaptations has the Emperor penguin overcome to obtain food?
- FEET: The penguin’s feet are very strong, so they can propel through the water very easily at speeds up to 40 km/hr.
- BODY: The penguin’s body is streamlined, so it can move easily through the water.
What adaptations has the Emperor penguin overcome to avoid predators?
- FEET: The penguin’s feet are very strong, so they can propel through the water very easily to escape predators.
What adaptations has the Emperor penguin overcome to reproduce?
- FOLD OF SKIN OVER STOMACH: It incubates/ keeps the egg warm until it hatches
- FEET: The penguin’s feet are warm, so it helps incubate the egg.
