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Pshycology > The Biological Perspective > Flashcards

The Biological Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Function and Location of the Corpus Collosum

A

-connects the left & right hemispheres of the brain
-ensures both sides can communicate & send signals
-located within the cerebrum

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2
Q

Function and Location of the Cerebral Cortex

A

-conducts complex though processes
-language, memory, reasoning, thought, learning, emotion, personality, decision making
-4 different lobes
-located within the cerebrum

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3
Q

Function and Location of the Hippocampus

A

-major role in learning & memory
-explicate memory
-located deep within the temporal lobe

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4
Q

Function and Location of the Cerebellum

A

-controls balance
-maintains muscle coordination
-located at the back of the brain below the temporal & occipital lobes

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5
Q

Function and Location of the Medulla Oblongata

A

-controls heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, blood pressure
-involuntary actions
-bottom most part of the brain
-connecting the brain stem to the spinal cord

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6
Q

Function and Location of the Reticular Formation

A

system of nerves
-conducts arousal & attention
-motor sensory, behavioral, cognitive, mood related functions
-center of the brainstem (tegmentum)

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7
Q

Function and Location of the Pons

A

-relays messages between the cerebellum & cortex
-unconscious process- sleep cycle/breathing
-center of the brainstem, just above the medulla

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8
Q

Function and Location of the Amygdala

A

-processes fearful and angry emotions
-located in the medial temporal lobe
-anterior to the hippocampus

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9
Q

Function and Location of the Pituitary Gland

A

regulates endocrine glands
-growth, sexual, & reproductive hormones
-base of the brain attached to the hypothalamus

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10
Q

Function and Location of the Hypothalamus

A

-regulates fear, thirst, sex-drive, aggression
-maintains homeostasis
-inferior to the thalamus & superior to the pituitary gland
(diencephalon)

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11
Q

Function and Location of the Thalamus

A

-relays info from sensory organs to the cerebral cortex
-info relay station
-near the center of the brain (diencephalon)

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12
Q

Function of the Frontal Lobe

A

-voluntary movement
-expressive language
-executive functions

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13
Q

Function of Broca’s Area

A

-regulates breathing patterns during speech

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14
Q

Function of the Temporal Lobe

A

-processes auditory info with memory encoding

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15
Q

Function of Wernicke’s Area

A

-comprehension of speech sounds

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16
Q

Function of the Occipital Lobe

A

visual perception
-colour, form, motion

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17
Q

Function of the Parietal Lobe

A

-processes touch, pain, temperature, sense of limbs

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18
Q

Function of the Somatosensory Cortex

A

-processes input & contributes to integration of signals

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19
Q

Function of the Motor Cortex

A

-generates signals to move the body

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20
Q

Function of Neurons

A

-info messengers
-use electrical impulses/chemical signals to transmit info between areas of the NS

21
Q

Glial Cells

A

-support neurons by providing structural support & nutrition & by removing waste

22
Q

Dendrites

A

-branchlike structures of a neuron that receive info from adjacent neurons

23
Q

Axon

A

-tubelike structures that carry the neural info from cell body to axon terminal

24
Q

Mylin Sheath

A

-a fatty substance that coats the axons to isolate, protec, & speed up the communication

25
Q

Axon Terminals

A

-enlarged ends of the axon that specialize for communication with cells

26
Q

Soma

A

-the cell body responsible for maintaining cell life

27
Q

Nerves

A

-clusters of neurons that travel together

28
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

Afferent
-convey info from sense organ to interneurons in the brain

29
Q

Motor Neurons

A

Efferent
-sends info/signals out to muscles & glands

30
Q

Interneurons

A

-connect spinal motor and sensory neurons
-transfer signals between sensory and motor neurons

31
Q

Neuron Communication

A

-they communicate through electrical signals
-Action Potential (AP)
-AP is based on movement of ions through the axon

32
Q

Threshold

A

the level of stimulation required to start a neural impulse

33
Q

The “All or None” Principle

A

-a neuron will fire the same intensity of an impulse every time
-or they won’t fire at all

34
Q

Excitatory message

A

increases likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will activate

35
Q

Inhibitory message

A

decreases likelihood that a postsynaptic neuron will activate

36
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

the deterioration of memory, reasoning, speaking skills

37
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

the producing of neurons in the substantia nigra due to loss of dopamine

38
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

-a brain structure that is part of your basal ganglia
-affects learning, mood, judgment, decision-making and other processes.

39
Q

Neurogenesis

A

the development of neurons

40
Q

Crossover

A

nerves to & from each side of the brain connect to opposite sides of the brain
-(the left hemisphere controls the functions of the right side)

41
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Involved in arousal, memory, controls muscle contraction
-Ex.S and In.S

42
Q

Excitatory synapse (Ex.S)

A

A neurotransmitter causes the receiving cell to fire a signal

43
Q

Inhibitory synapse (In.S)

A

A neurotransmitter cause the receiving cell to step

44
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

Mostly Ex.S; arousal and mood
Fight or flight

45
Q

Dopamine (DA)

A

Ex.S and In.S
Controls movement and sensations of pleasure

46
Q

Gamma-amniobutyricacid (GABA)

A

Major In.S
Sleep, inhibits movement

47
Q

Glutamate

A

Major Ex.S
Learning, memory, NS development

48
Q

Endorphins

A

In.S
Neural Regulators, pain relief

Pshycology (1 decks)

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