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the big bad boards Flashcards

1
Q

What is ROME

A

respiratory opposite, metabolic equal

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2
Q

what markers do you look at for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?

A

pH and HCO3

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3
Q

what markers do you look at for respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?

A

pH and CO2

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4
Q

when would you use an alginate?

A

a heavily exudating wound, it is very absorptive

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5
Q

When do you use a foam dressing?

A

good for draining wounds, doesn’t require a secondary dressing

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6
Q

when do you use a film dressing?

A

good for allowing things to breathe

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7
Q

what does the corticospinal tract carry and where does it cross?

A

voluntary movements, at the pyramids

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8
Q

what does the dorsal column/medial lemniscus carry and where does it cross?

A

proprioception, discriminative touch, vibration, it crosses in the medulla

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9
Q

what does the spinothalamic tract carry and where does it cross?

A

pain and temp, crosses somewhere around the level it enters

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10
Q

what is a healthy apgar score? Unhealthy?

A

7-9 is healthy, anything below seven is an emergency

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11
Q

what is the milestone for sitting without support?

A

9.5 months

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12
Q

what is the milestone for standing with assistance?

A

12 months

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13
Q

what is the milestone for hands and knees crawling?

A

14 months

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14
Q

what is the milestone for walking with assistance?

A

14 months

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15
Q

what is the milestone for standing alone?

A

17.5 months

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16
Q

what is the milestone for walking alone?

A

18 months

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17
Q

what is the decerebrate position?

A

everything extended

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18
Q

what is the decorticate position?

A

UE flexed, LE extended

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19
Q

What is dyssnergia and how do you test for it?

A

lack of smooth control, test with coordination test, heel up shin

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20
Q

what is dysmetria and how do you test for it?

A

overshoot or undershoot movements, proprioceptive testing of the shoulder

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21
Q

what is dysdiadochokinesia and how do you test for it?

A

difficulty performing repeated movements, test with alternating tapping on legs

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22
Q

what is rebound and how do you test for it?

A

lack of braking movement, test with bicep flexion and release

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23
Q

what level SCI allows for grasp with tenodesis?

A

C6

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24
Q

what level SCi allows for full grasp?

A

C8

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25
Q

what level SCI allows for household ambulation?

A

L2

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26
Q

what level SCI allows for community distance ambulation?

A

S1

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27
Q

what occurs with brown sequard syndrome?

A

damage to half the cord, loss of ipsilateral proprioception, discriminative touch, and voluntary muscle control, contralateral loss of pain and temp

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28
Q

what is normal for pH

A

7.35-7.45

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29
Q

what is a normal range for HCO3

A

22-26

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30
Q

what is a normal range for CO2?

A

35-45

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31
Q

what is considered a dangerous platlet level?

A

below 50,000

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32
Q

what are the signs of hypoglycemia?

A

dizziness, trembling, sweating, hunger, tired

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33
Q

what are the signs of hyperglycemia?

A

thirst, stomach pain, urge to urinate, dry mouth

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34
Q

is hypo or hyper glycemia more of an emergency?

A

hypoglycemia

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35
Q

what is hemiballismus?

A

involuntary and violent movement of a large body part

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36
Q

what is athetosis?

A

slow, twisting, writhing movements

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37
Q

what is chorea?

A

sudden, random, and involuntary movements

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38
Q

what nerve root is biceps reflex?

A

C5

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39
Q

what nerve root is brachioradialis reflex?

A

C6

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40
Q

What nerve root is tricep reflex?

A

C7

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41
Q

what nerve root is quads reflex?

A

L2-L4

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42
Q

what nerve root is achilles reflex?

A

L5-S1

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43
Q

what changes do we see with UMN lesion?

A

hyper reflexia, hypertonia, may have atrophy from disuse, spasticity

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44
Q

What changes do we see with LMN lesions?

A

hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy

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45
Q

what is klumpkes palsy?

A

injury to C8-T1, will have weakness in finger flexors, wrist flexors, and pronators

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46
Q

What is erbs palsy?

A

injury to C5-C7. weakness in rhomboids, rotator cuff, SA, biceps, and triceps. Can’t abduct arm

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47
Q

colic

A

gas in babies

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48
Q

what do crackles indicate?

A

fluid in the lungs

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49
Q

what do wheezes indicate?

A

restriction in the lungs

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50
Q

what is a Rinnes test?

A

used for hearing, use a tuning fork and see if the loss is from air conduction or bone conduction loss

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51
Q

what is stemmer test?

A

it is a test for lymphedema. you attempt to pinch the skin at the base of the second toe. If you can’t that is a positive test

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52
Q

what is stress incontinence?

A

loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure like sneezing, coughing, laughing,running and jumping

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53
Q

what is urge incontinence?

A

a loss of urine due to sudden urge to void the bladder due to involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle

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54
Q

what is overflow urinary incontinence?

A

the loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra’s capacity to remain closed

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55
Q

How do we manage stress incontinence?

A

biofeedback, electrical stimulation, therapeutic exercise, weighted vaginal cones, utilizing pelvic floor exercises during activity

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56
Q

CN I and test

A

olfactory - smell

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57
Q

CN II and test

A

optic - be able to read an eye chart

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58
Q

CN III and test

A

oculomotor - pupil dilation

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59
Q

CN IV and test

A

trochlear - convergence

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60
Q

CN V and test

A

trigeminal - feeling on all three parts of the face

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61
Q

CN VI and test

A

abducens - able to abduct eyes

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62
Q

CN VII and test

A

facial - smile, clench teeth, furrow brow

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63
Q

CN VIII and test

A

vestibulocochlear - how far away can you hear a soft sound, compare distance between sides

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64
Q

CN IX and test

A

glossopharyngeal - say ahhhhhhhhhhhhhh

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65
Q

CN X and test

A

vagus - are they breathing

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66
Q

CN XI and test

A

accessory - shrug up and hold

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67
Q

CN XII and test

A

hypoglossal - resist tongue motions

68
Q

what will damage to the ACA result in?

A

loss of motor function contralateral LE, planning, memory, decision making, impulse control

69
Q

what will damage to the MCA result in?

A

loss of motor function contralateral face, arm, and trunk, motor speech and speech recognition

70
Q

what will damage to the PCA result in?

A

contralateral visual field

71
Q

what is brocas aphasia?

A

halting and difficult speech, can read but cannot write

72
Q

what is wernikes aphasia?

A

will fluently speak although it makes no sense, no idea they make no sense

73
Q

what is serous in a wound?

A

it is a clear material and is considered normal in wounds.

74
Q

what is sanguineous in a wound?

A

kind of reddish, normal when new blood vessels are growing into the area

75
Q

what is serosangineous in a wound?

A

a light red or pink, normal to see during healing

76
Q

what is seropurulent in a wound?

A

cloudy with a yellow or tan color, considered abnormal, may be indicative of infection

77
Q

what is a purulent in a wound?

A

yellow or green junk in wound, indicator of infection

78
Q

what is an US of 3MHz targeting?

A

superficial structures

79
Q

what is an US of 1MHz targeting?

A

deep structures

80
Q

what is transient synovitis and who do we see it in?

A

it is inflammation of the hip joint in kids, needs to be treated in ER

81
Q

what is osteomyelitis and who/where do we see it?

A

it is an infection of the bone, usually seen near the knee in kids

82
Q

what is legg calves perthes disease?

A

happens in kids, avascular necrosis of femoral head, presents with pain without fever, pain in medial rotation and abduction

83
Q

what is slipped femoral capital epiphesis?

A

femoral epiphesis comes displaced from the femur, usually happens in obese kids

84
Q

what is ostechondritis dessicans?

A

small fracture that goes down through articular cartilage in kids, usually seen in knee, hurts a lot

85
Q

what is arthrogryposis?

A

a non degenerative condition seen in kids, will have lots of contractures, be aggressive with stretching.

86
Q

what is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

super fragile babies, bones break easily

87
Q

where do the ovaries refer pain to?

A

low back

88
Q

where does the gall bladder refer pain to?

A

thorax region

89
Q

where does the heart refer pain to?

A

chest and UE

90
Q

where does the appendix refer pain to?

A

right lower quadrant

91
Q

what is murphys test used to diagnose?

A

gall bladder

92
Q

what is McBurneys point used to diagnose?

A

appendicitis

93
Q

what is the heel strike test for?

A

appendicitis

94
Q

in wound healing what does placing the positive lead in the wound promote?

A

increased oxygenation, antibacterial effect

95
Q

in wound healing what does placing the negative lead in the wound promote?

A

increased blood flow and reduced edema

96
Q

what is COPD gold stage I?

A

people may not even be aware

97
Q

what is COPD gold stage II?

A

people seek medical attention, decreased endurance

98
Q

what is COPD gold stage III?

A

impacts quality of life, decreased functional capacity, SOB, fatigue

99
Q

what is COPD gold stage IV?

A

QOL very impaired, complications deadly

100
Q

what is ALS and how does it present?

A

progressive disease with muscle weakness that spreads over time

101
Q

how does Guillain-Barre Syndrome present?

A

distal to proximal with motor and sensory impairment

102
Q

what is the max score and cutoff score for fall risk on tinetti?

A

max of 28, fall risk is less than 19

103
Q

what is the max score and cutoff score for fall risk on Berg balance?

A

max of 56, fall risk is less than 45

104
Q

what ST segment change indicates you need to cease activity?

A

2 mm ST segment elevation or depression

105
Q

what is foot varus?

A

innversion

106
Q

what is foot valgus?

A

eversion

107
Q

what issues will you see with a prosthetic knee set too far anteriorly?

A

buckle easily

108
Q

what issues will you see with a prosthetic knee set too far posteriorly?

A

too stable and will be hard to get it to bend

109
Q

what are hematocrit norms?

A

35-45%

110
Q

what are WBC norms?

A

5,000-10,000, anything over that indicates an infection

111
Q

what are hemoglobin norms?

A

12-16 g/dL

112
Q

hyperkalemia effects on heart

A

decreases rate and force of contraction

113
Q

hypokalemia effects on heart

A

produce ECG changes, may lead to ventricular fibrilations

114
Q

hypercalcemia effects on heart

A

increases heart action

115
Q

hypocalcemia effects on heart

A

decreases heart action

116
Q

hypermagnesemia effects on heart

A

arrhythmias or cardiac arrest

117
Q

hypomagnesemia effects on heart

A

sudden death

118
Q

what is cholecystitis? How do you test for it?

A

gall bladder inflammation. murphys sign

119
Q

what test is used for the appendix?

A

mcburnys point

120
Q

droplet precautions for the therapist

A

must weak a mask when within 3 feet

121
Q

contact precautions for the therapist

A

gown and gloves

122
Q

minimum door width for wheelchairs

A

32 inches

123
Q

minimum area needed for turning a wheelchair around

A

60 inches

124
Q

what is the rise/run of accessible ramps?

A

1 inch of rise for 12 inches of run

125
Q

S1 heart sound

A

lub of the lub-dub, closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve

126
Q

S2 heart sound

A

dub of the lub-dub, closure of the aortic and pulmonary valve

127
Q

S3 heart sound

A

abnormal in adults, may be associated with heart failure, ventricular gallop

128
Q

S4 heart sound

A

may be associated with hypertension, stenosis, or MI, called atrial flutter

129
Q

ATNR and integration

A

fencer baby, 6 months

130
Q

STNR and integration

A

head flexed - arms flexed and legs extended. head extended - arms extended and legs flexed. 6-8 months

131
Q

tonic labyrinthine reflex and integration

A

in supine body and extremities held in extension, in prone body and extremities held in flexion. 6 months

132
Q

galant reflex and integration

A

touch skin along spine and trunk flexes laterally. 2 months

133
Q

palmar grasp and integration

A

pressure on ulnar side of palm elicits grasp. 4 months

134
Q

plantar grasp and integration

A

pressure to base of toes causes toe flexion, 9 months

135
Q

rooting reflex and integration

A

touch on cheek and turns head, 3 months

136
Q

moro reflex and integration

A

head dropping into extension causes arms to abduct and then cross into adduction, 5 months

137
Q

startle reflex and integration

A

loud noise, arms abduct with elbows flexed and then adduct, 5 months

138
Q

positive support reflex and integration

A

weight placed on feet, stiffening of legs and trunk, 2 months

139
Q

walking reflex and integration

A

supported upright position gives reciprocal stepping, 2 months

140
Q

what is the progression of Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy?

A

proximal muscles of lower extremity, then muscles of the shoulder and neck, then respiratory

141
Q

what is the pattern of progression for GBS?

A

distal motor and sensory weakness that progresses proximally

142
Q

where is the epigastric part of the body?

A

just below zyphoid between the ribs

143
Q

what is the difference between flutter and fibrillations?

A

flutter beats fast in a regular pattern, fibrillation’s beats fast in an irregular pattern

144
Q

describe a stage I ulcer

A

intact skin

145
Q

describe a stage II ulcer

A

partial thickness tissue loss, open ulcer

146
Q

describe a stage III ulcer

A

full thickness tissue loss, cannot see tendon or bone

147
Q

describe a stage IV ulcer

A

full thickness loss, can see bone, tendon, or muscle

148
Q

describe a stage V ulcer

A

unstageable due to slough or eschar

149
Q

what are risk factors for lupus?

A

females between the ages of 15-40

150
Q

what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?

A

cardiac arrythmias due to low calcium in the blood

151
Q

what are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

A

osteopenia as lot of calcium is released from the bone

152
Q

what is dermatitis?

A

its a spiffy name for eczema, really dry skin

153
Q

what is cellulitis?

A

skin infection, skin is red and hot, without treatment it can be deadly

154
Q

what is mastitis?

A

infection of the fatty tissue of the breast, can be from blocked milk duct

155
Q

what are the side effects of prolonged corticosteroid use?

A

osteoporosis, muscle wasting, skin breakdown, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hypertension

156
Q

what is the blood supply to the cerebellum?

A

AICA, PICA, SCA

157
Q

what is the difference between macular degeneration and cataracts?

A

macular degeneration affects the central part of vision, cataracts causes vision to look streaky

158
Q

What is the ending for ACE inhibitors? What do they do?

A

“Pril” they decrease blood pressure and afterload

159
Q

What is the ending for a beta blocker and what does it do?

A

“Olol” decreases heart rate and for e if contractility.

160
Q

What is the ending for a calcium channel blocker and what does it Do?

A

“Pine” decreases oxygen demand of heart by decreasing contractility and causing vasodilation

161
Q

what is digitalis used for?

A

atrial fibrillations - depresses electrical conductivity

162
Q

what is cushings disease? symptoms?

A

hyperfunction of the adrenal glands that release cortisol - fat, moon face, buffalo hump

163
Q

what is graves disease? symptoms?

A

hyperthyroidism basically, weight loss, tremors, palpitations

164
Q

what is pagets disease?

A

heightened osteoclast activity, bone appears enlarged and lacks strength due to high turnover.

165
Q

what is addisons disease? Symptoms?

A

hypofunction of adrenal glands that produce cortisol - hypotension, weakness, weight loss.

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