the big bad boards Flashcards
1
Q
What is ROME
A
respiratory opposite, metabolic equal
2
Q
what markers do you look at for metabolic acidosis or alkalosis?
A
pH and HCO3
3
Q
what markers do you look at for respiratory acidosis or alkalosis?
A
pH and CO2
4
Q
when would you use an alginate?
A
a heavily exudating wound, it is very absorptive
5
Q
When do you use a foam dressing?
A
good for draining wounds, doesn’t require a secondary dressing
6
Q
when do you use a film dressing?
A
good for allowing things to breathe
7
Q
what does the corticospinal tract carry and where does it cross?
A
voluntary movements, at the pyramids
8
Q
what does the dorsal column/medial lemniscus carry and where does it cross?
A
proprioception, discriminative touch, vibration, it crosses in the medulla
9
Q
what does the spinothalamic tract carry and where does it cross?
A
pain and temp, crosses somewhere around the level it enters
10
Q
what is a healthy apgar score? Unhealthy?
A
7-9 is healthy, anything below seven is an emergency
11
Q
what is the milestone for sitting without support?
A
9.5 months
12
Q
what is the milestone for standing with assistance?
A
12 months
13
Q
what is the milestone for hands and knees crawling?
A
14 months
14
Q
what is the milestone for walking with assistance?
A
14 months
15
Q
what is the milestone for standing alone?
A
17.5 months
16
Q
what is the milestone for walking alone?
A
18 months
17
Q
what is the decerebrate position?
A
everything extended
18
Q
what is the decorticate position?
A
UE flexed, LE extended
19
Q
What is dyssnergia and how do you test for it?
A
lack of smooth control, test with coordination test, heel up shin
20
Q
what is dysmetria and how do you test for it?
A
overshoot or undershoot movements, proprioceptive testing of the shoulder
21
Q
what is dysdiadochokinesia and how do you test for it?
A
difficulty performing repeated movements, test with alternating tapping on legs
22
Q
what is rebound and how do you test for it?
A
lack of braking movement, test with bicep flexion and release
23
Q
what level SCI allows for grasp with tenodesis?
A
C6
24
Q
what level SCi allows for full grasp?
A
C8
25
what level SCI allows for household ambulation?
L2
26
what level SCI allows for community distance ambulation?
S1
27
what occurs with brown sequard syndrome?
damage to half the cord, loss of ipsilateral proprioception, discriminative touch, and voluntary muscle control, contralateral loss of pain and temp
28
what is normal for pH
7.35-7.45
29
what is a normal range for HCO3
22-26
30
what is a normal range for CO2?
35-45
31
what is considered a dangerous platlet level?
below 50,000
32
what are the signs of hypoglycemia?
dizziness, trembling, sweating, hunger, tired
33
what are the signs of hyperglycemia?
thirst, stomach pain, urge to urinate, dry mouth
34
is hypo or hyper glycemia more of an emergency?
hypoglycemia
35
what is hemiballismus?
involuntary and violent movement of a large body part
36
what is athetosis?
slow, twisting, writhing movements
37
what is chorea?
sudden, random, and involuntary movements
38
what nerve root is biceps reflex?
C5
39
what nerve root is brachioradialis reflex?
C6
40
What nerve root is tricep reflex?
C7
41
what nerve root is quads reflex?
L2-L4
42
what nerve root is achilles reflex?
L5-S1
43
what changes do we see with UMN lesion?
hyper reflexia, hypertonia, may have atrophy from disuse, spasticity
44
What changes do we see with LMN lesions?
hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
45
what is klumpkes palsy?
injury to C8-T1, will have weakness in finger flexors, wrist flexors, and pronators
46
What is erbs palsy?
injury to C5-C7. weakness in rhomboids, rotator cuff, SA, biceps, and triceps. Can't abduct arm
47
colic
gas in babies
48
what do crackles indicate?
fluid in the lungs
49
what do wheezes indicate?
restriction in the lungs
50
what is a Rinnes test?
used for hearing, use a tuning fork and see if the loss is from air conduction or bone conduction loss
51
what is stemmer test?
it is a test for lymphedema. you attempt to pinch the skin at the base of the second toe. If you can't that is a positive test
52
what is stress incontinence?
loss of urine due to activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure like sneezing, coughing, laughing,running and jumping
53
what is urge incontinence?
a loss of urine due to sudden urge to void the bladder due to involuntary contraction of the detrusor muscle
54
what is overflow urinary incontinence?
the loss of urine when the intra-bladder pressure exceeds the urethra's capacity to remain closed
55
How do we manage stress incontinence?
biofeedback, electrical stimulation, therapeutic exercise, weighted vaginal cones, utilizing pelvic floor exercises during activity
56
CN I and test
olfactory - smell
57
CN II and test
optic - be able to read an eye chart
58
CN III and test
oculomotor - pupil dilation
59
CN IV and test
trochlear - convergence
60
CN V and test
trigeminal - feeling on all three parts of the face
61
CN VI and test
abducens - able to abduct eyes
62
CN VII and test
facial - smile, clench teeth, furrow brow
63
CN VIII and test
vestibulocochlear - how far away can you hear a soft sound, compare distance between sides
64
CN IX and test
glossopharyngeal - say ahhhhhhhhhhhhhh
65
CN X and test
vagus - are they breathing
66
CN XI and test
accessory - shrug up and hold
67
CN XII and test
hypoglossal - resist tongue motions
68
what will damage to the ACA result in?
loss of motor function contralateral LE, planning, memory, decision making, impulse control
69
what will damage to the MCA result in?
loss of motor function contralateral face, arm, and trunk, motor speech and speech recognition
70
what will damage to the PCA result in?
contralateral visual field
71
what is brocas aphasia?
halting and difficult speech, can read but cannot write
72
what is wernikes aphasia?
will fluently speak although it makes no sense, no idea they make no sense
73
what is serous in a wound?
it is a clear material and is considered normal in wounds.
74
what is sanguineous in a wound?
kind of reddish, normal when new blood vessels are growing into the area
75
what is serosangineous in a wound?
a light red or pink, normal to see during healing
76
what is seropurulent in a wound?
cloudy with a yellow or tan color, considered abnormal, may be indicative of infection
77
what is a purulent in a wound?
yellow or green junk in wound, indicator of infection
78
what is an US of 3MHz targeting?
superficial structures
79
what is an US of 1MHz targeting?
deep structures
80
what is transient synovitis and who do we see it in?
it is inflammation of the hip joint in kids, needs to be treated in ER
81
what is osteomyelitis and who/where do we see it?
it is an infection of the bone, usually seen near the knee in kids
82
what is legg calves perthes disease?
happens in kids, avascular necrosis of femoral head, presents with pain without fever, pain in medial rotation and abduction
83
what is slipped femoral capital epiphesis?
femoral epiphesis comes displaced from the femur, usually happens in obese kids
84
what is ostechondritis dessicans?
small fracture that goes down through articular cartilage in kids, usually seen in knee, hurts a lot
85
what is arthrogryposis?
a non degenerative condition seen in kids, will have lots of contractures, be aggressive with stretching.
86
what is osteogenesis imperfecta?
super fragile babies, bones break easily
87
where do the ovaries refer pain to?
low back
88
where does the gall bladder refer pain to?
thorax region
89
where does the heart refer pain to?
chest and UE
90
where does the appendix refer pain to?
right lower quadrant
91
what is murphys test used to diagnose?
gall bladder
92
what is McBurneys point used to diagnose?
appendicitis
93
what is the heel strike test for?
appendicitis
94
in wound healing what does placing the positive lead in the wound promote?
increased oxygenation, antibacterial effect
95
in wound healing what does placing the negative lead in the wound promote?
increased blood flow and reduced edema
96
what is COPD gold stage I?
people may not even be aware
97
what is COPD gold stage II?
people seek medical attention, decreased endurance
98
what is COPD gold stage III?
impacts quality of life, decreased functional capacity, SOB, fatigue
99
what is COPD gold stage IV?
QOL very impaired, complications deadly
100
what is ALS and how does it present?
progressive disease with muscle weakness that spreads over time
101
how does Guillain-Barre Syndrome present?
distal to proximal with motor and sensory impairment
102
what is the max score and cutoff score for fall risk on tinetti?
max of 28, fall risk is less than 19
103
what is the max score and cutoff score for fall risk on Berg balance?
max of 56, fall risk is less than 45
104
what ST segment change indicates you need to cease activity?
2 mm ST segment elevation or depression
105
what is foot varus?
innversion
106
what is foot valgus?
eversion
107
what issues will you see with a prosthetic knee set too far anteriorly?
buckle easily
108
what issues will you see with a prosthetic knee set too far posteriorly?
too stable and will be hard to get it to bend
109
what are hematocrit norms?
35-45%
110
what are WBC norms?
5,000-10,000, anything over that indicates an infection
111
what are hemoglobin norms?
12-16 g/dL
112
hyperkalemia effects on heart
decreases rate and force of contraction
113
hypokalemia effects on heart
produce ECG changes, may lead to ventricular fibrilations
114
hypercalcemia effects on heart
increases heart action
115
hypocalcemia effects on heart
decreases heart action
116
hypermagnesemia effects on heart
arrhythmias or cardiac arrest
117
hypomagnesemia effects on heart
sudden death
118
what is cholecystitis? How do you test for it?
gall bladder inflammation. murphys sign
119
what test is used for the appendix?
mcburnys point
120
droplet precautions for the therapist
must weak a mask when within 3 feet
121
contact precautions for the therapist
gown and gloves
122
minimum door width for wheelchairs
32 inches
123
minimum area needed for turning a wheelchair around
60 inches
124
what is the rise/run of accessible ramps?
1 inch of rise for 12 inches of run
125
S1 heart sound
lub of the lub-dub, closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve
126
S2 heart sound
dub of the lub-dub, closure of the aortic and pulmonary valve
127
S3 heart sound
abnormal in adults, may be associated with heart failure, ventricular gallop
128
S4 heart sound
may be associated with hypertension, stenosis, or MI, called atrial flutter
129
ATNR and integration
fencer baby, 6 months
130
STNR and integration
head flexed - arms flexed and legs extended. head extended - arms extended and legs flexed. 6-8 months
131
tonic labyrinthine reflex and integration
in supine body and extremities held in extension, in prone body and extremities held in flexion. 6 months
132
galant reflex and integration
touch skin along spine and trunk flexes laterally. 2 months
133
palmar grasp and integration
pressure on ulnar side of palm elicits grasp. 4 months
134
plantar grasp and integration
pressure to base of toes causes toe flexion, 9 months
135
rooting reflex and integration
touch on cheek and turns head, 3 months
136
moro reflex and integration
head dropping into extension causes arms to abduct and then cross into adduction, 5 months
137
startle reflex and integration
loud noise, arms abduct with elbows flexed and then adduct, 5 months
138
positive support reflex and integration
weight placed on feet, stiffening of legs and trunk, 2 months
139
walking reflex and integration
supported upright position gives reciprocal stepping, 2 months
140
what is the progression of Duchenne Muscle Dystrophy?
proximal muscles of lower extremity, then muscles of the shoulder and neck, then respiratory
141
what is the pattern of progression for GBS?
distal motor and sensory weakness that progresses proximally
142
where is the epigastric part of the body?
just below zyphoid between the ribs
143
what is the difference between flutter and fibrillations?
flutter beats fast in a regular pattern, fibrillation's beats fast in an irregular pattern
144
describe a stage I ulcer
intact skin
145
describe a stage II ulcer
partial thickness tissue loss, open ulcer
146
describe a stage III ulcer
full thickness tissue loss, cannot see tendon or bone
147
describe a stage IV ulcer
full thickness loss, can see bone, tendon, or muscle
148
describe a stage V ulcer
unstageable due to slough or eschar
149
what are risk factors for lupus?
females between the ages of 15-40
150
what are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism?
cardiac arrythmias due to low calcium in the blood
151
what are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?
osteopenia as lot of calcium is released from the bone
152
what is dermatitis?
its a spiffy name for eczema, really dry skin
153
what is cellulitis?
skin infection, skin is red and hot, without treatment it can be deadly
154
what is mastitis?
infection of the fatty tissue of the breast, can be from blocked milk duct
155
what are the side effects of prolonged corticosteroid use?
osteoporosis, muscle wasting, skin breakdown, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hypertension
156
what is the blood supply to the cerebellum?
AICA, PICA, SCA
157
what is the difference between macular degeneration and cataracts?
macular degeneration affects the central part of vision, cataracts causes vision to look streaky
158
What is the ending for ACE inhibitors? What do they do?
“Pril” they decrease blood pressure and afterload
159
What is the ending for a beta blocker and what does it do?
“Olol” decreases heart rate and for e if contractility.
160
What is the ending for a calcium channel blocker and what does it Do?
“Pine” decreases oxygen demand of heart by decreasing contractility and causing vasodilation
161
what is digitalis used for?
atrial fibrillations - depresses electrical conductivity
162
what is cushings disease? symptoms?
hyperfunction of the adrenal glands that release cortisol - fat, moon face, buffalo hump
163
what is graves disease? symptoms?
hyperthyroidism basically, weight loss, tremors, palpitations
164
what is pagets disease?
heightened osteoclast activity, bone appears enlarged and lacks strength due to high turnover.
165
what is addisons disease? Symptoms?
hypofunction of adrenal glands that produce cortisol - hypotension, weakness, weight loss.
