the best Flashcards
with surfactant and bulk lax’s and lactulose relieve constipation within 1-__ days
3
stimulant lax’s relieve constipation in 6- __ hours
12
at a __ dose, lax salts like Mg hydroxide relive constipation in 6-12 hours
low
at a __ dose, lax salts like Mg hydroxide relive constipation in 2-6 hours
high
osmotic lax’s like miralax, PEG, and glycolax relive constipation in 2-__ days
4
when you are on fiber supplements and have low fluid intake, the risk is to __ the constipation
worsen
the important nursing considerations related to care of the patient with persistent diarrhea are
think stop taking ___ softeners
stop taking stool softneners
the important nursing considerations related to care of the patient with persistent diarrhea are
think heed what reflex and est a what schedule
heed poop reflex and est poop schedule
the important nursing considerations related to care of the patient with persistent diarrhea are
think electrolyte ___, dehydration, and skin care due to what breakdown
electrolyte imbalance, dehyrdration, and skin care due to risk of breakdown
milk of Mg hydroxide is a lax salt. true or false?
true
milk of Mg hydroxide is a ____ lax
osmotic
you can use milk of Mg hydroxide for constipation at a low or high dose?
low
you can use milk of Mg hydroxide for colonoscopy prep at a low or high dose?
high
you can use milk of Mg hydroxide for antacid and to ___ parasites
rid
milk of ___ hydroxide have ADR of cramps and diarrhea
Mg
milk of ___ hydroxide have ADR of dehydration and CNS toxicity with renal disease
Mg
milk of ___ hydroxide have interventions of increasing fluid intake to avoid dehydration
Mg
milk of __ hyrdoxide is given oral
Mg
with milk of Mg ____ you need to get a lax use history
hydroxide
milk of __ hydroxide have contraindications of bowel disorders and UC
MG
milk of __ hydroxide have contraindications of diverticulitis and renal disease
Mg
milk of __ hydroxide have contraindications of toxic Mg levels due to not excreting it
Mg
sulfasazine are for IBS. t or f?
true
sulfasazine is a 5-aminoalicylate. t or f?
true
use sulfasazine for IBS/UC and to manage Chron’s ___
disease
sulfasalazine have ADR of headache and nausea. t or F?
true
sulfasalazine have ADR of rash and fever. t or f?
true
sulfasalazine have ADR of arthralgia and blood disorders(mon blood count). t or f?
true
sulfasalazine have ADR of anaphylaxis and angioedema. t or f?
true
sulfasalazine have ADR of peripheral neuropathy and anorexia. t or f?
true
sulfasalazine have ADR of SJS and dermatits. t or f?
ture
the cardiac effects of Beta 1 receptor stimulus are to _____ heart rate, conduction rate and contractility and CO and renin release and PVD and decrease the calcium going into the cells
reduce
the peripheral blood vessel effects of Alpha 1 receptor stimulus are ____ arterioles and veins, blood cant get to the periphery, increase peripheral resistance, increase venous heart return
constrict
the BB are dangerous to pts bc they cause ___ hypotension and OH
extreme
the consumption of grapefruit or grapefruit juice affect Nifedipine by ___ levels of drug and lead to toxicity and give you reflex TC
increasing
low BP, high BP, flushing are signs of toxicity. t or f?
true
If toxic-give NE, fluids, _____ Trendelburg, Ca to decrease contractility, atrophine or isoproterenol for BC with fruit and nifedipine
reverse
health promotion for a good bladder are to be hydrated and to not limit fluid if incontinent. t or f?
true
keep good voiding habits like flat feet and sit back on toilet . t or f?
true
keep a bowel schedule and prevent UTI to keep a good bladder. t or f?
true
dont smoke and reduce cough to prevent incontinence. t or f?
true
surgery for bladder are dialysis and to relieve urinary retention . t or f?
true
surgery for bladder are removing renal calculi and nephrectomy. t or f?
true
surgery for bladder are prostate surgery and bladder surgery and urinary diversion. t or f?
true
bladder interventions are to reduce weight and bladder irritatants(caffeine, aspirtatme, and citrus) . t or f?
true
bladder interventions are to schedule toileting, habit retraining, and prompted or timed voiding . t or f?
true
bladder interventions are kegals and electrical stimulation and vaginal weight training. t or f?
true
bladder interventions are IV devices, pads and external collection devices . t or f?
true
bowel interventions are colectomy, colostomy or ileostomy. t or f?
true
bowel interventions are rectal prolapse repair and hemorrhoidectomy. t or f?
true
collab interventions to optimize elimination are surgery and incontinence. t or f?
true
collab interventions to optimize elimination are pharmacological agents and to treat the underlying condition. t or f?
true
secondary interventions to optimize elimination are colonoscopy and blood occult and prostate cancer screening.t or f?
true
primary interventions to optimize elimination are environmental factors and good hydration. t or f?
true
primary interventions to optimize elimination are fiber, exercise and toileting schedule . t or f?
true
absent stool, discomfort and hard and dry stool are CM Of
constipation
ab distension and bloating are CM of
constipation
increased gas and rectal pressure are CM of
constipation
__ can be caused by stool retention
constipation
impaction is when there is ___ transit time and decreased sensation to defacation
increased
impaction has to do with rentention. t or f?
true
incontinence has ____ anal sphincter tone and nerve supply to rectal area
decreased
fecal incontinence have to do with diarrhea, cramping due to peristalsis. t or f?
true
fecal incontinence have to do with loss of sphincter control and bc of cognitive changes. t or f?
true
fecal incontinence are bc of injury, rectum changes or neurologic injury. t or f?
true
urine rentention is unintentional and imcomplete or unable to empty. t or f?
true
urine retention is in women if stool is pressing against bladder. t or f?
true
urine retention is when you take antidepressants or antihistamines. t or f?
true
urine retention is ass with pain, bladder infection, and bladder distension. t or f?
true
bladder distension can lead to urinary reflux and can dilate the ureters and renal pelvis and can lead to pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. t or f?
true
a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters is
urinary reflux
urine incontinence is loss of urine control. t or f?
true
urine incontinence is a disruption of emptying or storing the bladder with involuntary urine release and ass with spinchter dysfunction. t or f?
true
urine incontinence is ass with increased skin breakdown. t or f?
true
stress incontinence is leakage of urine during cough, sneeze, exercise. t or f?
true
urge incontinence is leaking larger amts of urine like in sleep(unexpected). t or f?
true
functional incontinence is untimely urination bc of disability, obstacles, or cognitive problems that prevent us from reaching toilet. t or f?
true
overflow incontinence is unexecpected leakage of small urine amts of urine bc of full bladder. t or f?
true
mixed incontinence is stress and urge incontinence . t or f?
true
transient incontinence is leakage that is temporary bc of infection, new med, colds with coughing. t or f?
true
overactive bladder is frequency and urgency with or without incontinence. t or f?
true
UTI’s have nausea and vomit. t or f?
true
UTI’s have chills and suprapubic and low back pain. t or f?
true
UTI’s have bladder spasms and dysuria. t or f?
true
UTI’s have burning pee and frequency. t or f?
true
UTI’s have urgency, hesitation and noctura. t or f?
true
UTI’s are common in preg women, females and old ppl. t or f?
true
UTI’s can cause sepsis and death esp in elderly. t or f?
true
risks for urine incontinence are advanced age and female. t or f?
true
risks for urine incontinence are menopause or multiparity. t or f?
true
risks for urine incontinence are obese and smoking. t or f?
true
risks for urine incontinence are impaired mobility and trauma/surgery. t or f?
true
risks for urine incontinence are impaired cognition and stroke/spinal injury/brain tumor(neuro issues). t or f?
true
risks for urine retention are age and male. t or f?
true
risks for urine retention are prostate enlargement/inflammation/infection. t or f?
true
risks for urine retention are pelvic mass and trauma/surgery. t or f?
true
risks for urine retention are meds like anticholinergics, sympathomimetics. t or f?
true
risks for fecal retention are age and female. t or f?
true
risks for fecal retention are preg and lower income. t or f?
true
risks for fecal retention are poor edu and sedentary. t or f?
true
risks for fecal retention are dehydration and IBS/depression. t or f?
true
risks for fecal retention are meds like: opioids, diuretics, antidepressants, and aluminum antacids. t or f?
true
risks for fecal incontinence are age, diarrhea and impaired mobility. t or f?
true
risks for fecal incontinence are injury, chronic conditions, and rectal neuropathway. t or f?
true
risks for constipation are low fiber and low exercise. t or f?
true
risks for constipation are ignoring poop need bc the muscles and mucosa become insensitive. t or f?
true
risks for constipation are anxiety, depression, and stress. t or f?
true
risks for constipation are opioids/narcotics and laxatives. t or f?
true
risks for constipation are slow peristalsis and anorectal dysfunction. t or f?
true
bladder risks are old age bc urethra muscles are weak and it leads to incontinence. t or f?
true
The excretion of waste from the body is
Elimination
Passage of stool thru GI tract and thru smooth muscle contraction is bowel elimination. T or f?
True
Urinary elimination is urine thru the urinary sphincter and urethra. T or f?
True
removal , separation, or clearance of matter is elimnation. T or f?
true
the process of excreting the waste products of digestion is elimination. T or f?
true
anuria is the absence of urine. T or f?
true
dysuria is painful pee. T or f?
true
polyuria is multiple pee episodes like with DM. T or f?
true
urine frequency is multiple pee episodes with little pee. T or f?
true
urinary hesitency is the urge to pee but its hard to start peeing. T or f?
true
with the peeing the process is …
Urine formed in the renal tubules moves into the collecting duct and then into the renal pelvis, the ureter, and the bladder, where it is stored until urination occurs. An internal sphincter, composed of smooth muscle, contracts involuntarily to prevent urine from leaking out of the bladder. The external sphincter, located just below the internal sphincter and surrounding the upper part of the urethra, is composed of skeletal muscle and is voluntarily controlled. this causes the internal sphincter muscles to relax and bladder wall contraction
the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra are in the urinary system. t or f?
true
peeing helps maintain homeostasis and regulation. t or f?
true
the 3 components to making pee is glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion. t or f?
true
digestion and stool formation have to do with bowel formation. t or f?
true
the two functions of the bowel is to breakdown nutrients and eliminate waste. t or f?
true
the GI system extends from the esophagus to anus. t or f?
true
the esophagus, stomach, SI, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas all do digestion and absorption. t or f?
true
in the colon is where the waste is formed. t or f?
true
smooth muscles in the intestinal tract stimulate peristalsis, which move things in your system. t or f?
true
the LI absorbs water and electrolytes as fecal matter. t or f?
true
mucus in the intestine helps lubricate the walls and aids in the expulsion of the stool. t or f?
true
slower peristalsis is reduced, matter goes thru intestines slow and has greater absorption of water and thus harder stool. t or f?
true
pooping is a reflex action of voluntary or involuntary control. t or f?
true
CO is the outcome of coordinated effects of factors that move blood thruout the heart into peripheral vessels. t or f?
true
CO=SV x HR . t or f?
true
CO has BP as a function. t or f?
true
pain with PAD happens at night bc CO drops in sleep and limbs are at heart level. t or f?
true
prolonged ischemia leads to skin and muscle atrophy. t or f?
true
prolonged ischemia leads to delayed healing and tissue necrosis. t or f?
true
prolonged ischemia leads to wound healing. t or f?
true
prolonged ischemia lead to nonhealing arterial ulcers and gangrene. it can result in amputation bc of bad blood flow. if blood flow is not fixed, infection occurs ass with pain and spreading. t or f?
true
the goal with PAD is to reduce CVD risk and get BP control. t or f?
true
reduce Na and use a DASH diet for PAD. t or f?
true
with PAD, stop smoking and get Hb below 7% like with DM. t or f?
true
with PAD, treat hyperlipidemia with diet and statins. t or f?
true
with intermittent claudation, you walk to the point of pain then you rest. try to walk for 30-45 min 3 times a week. t or f?
true
with PAD, women have a faster decline and mobility loss than men. t or f?
true
with PAD, daily exercise can increase survival rates. t or f?
true
with PAD, you want to do ambulatory care like doing daily feet inspection, round shoes with soft soles with lightly laced, and to teach how to check skin temps/cap refill/palpate pulses. t or f?
true
with PAD, complications are prolonged ischemia. t or f?
true
intermittent claudication is ass with PAD. t or f?
true
with HTN, you take the meds for life and take the BP and HR bf each dose. t or f?
true
with HTN, you want to mon daily weight and start at a low dose and increase it gradually. t or f?
true
with HTN, you decrease the dose of AH drugs after one year and dont go cold turkey. t or f?
true
with HTN, continue lifestyle modifications like having a BMI of 18.5-25 and keeping sodium below 2300mg/day. t or f?
true
with HTN, use a DASH diet and eat fruits/veggies/low fat dairy/whole grains/nuts/fish/poultry. t or f?
true
with HTN, limit 1 drink for W and 2 for M AND do 30-45 min of exercise a day AND stop smoking. t or f?
true
stop smoking and diet are a primary prevention for perfusion. t or f?
true
exercise and weight control are a primary prevention for perfusion. t or f?
true
BP screening are secondary preventions for perfusions. t or f?
true
treat the underlying condition and do diet modification are collab interventions for perfusion. t or f?
true
do pharmacotherapy and increase exercise to collab treat perfusion. t or f?
true
intermittent claudication and paresthesia are CM of PAD. t or f?
true
T or f? Paresthesia is a CM of PAD?
True
Reduced blood flow to the limb is a CM of PAD. T or f？
True
Pain at rest and critical limb ischemia are CM of PAD. T or f？
True
T or f？ PAD has thickening of the artery walls and narrowing of the upper and lower extremities.
True
T or f？ PAD is symptomatic from ages 60-80.
True
T or f？PAD has a strong prevalence in the blacks and shows earlier in DM
True
T or f？ PAD is related to CVD and the risk factors.
True
T or f？PAD has a higher risk of mortality, CVD mortality, and coronary events & stroke.
True
T or f？you see artherosclerosis with PAD
True
T or f？ atherosclerosis affects coronary, carotid an lower extremity arteries.
True
T or f？atherosclerosis thickens due to cholesterol and lipid deposits.
True
T or f？ atherosclerosis has to do with inflammation and endothelial injury.
True
T or f？muscle pain caused by exercise and due to lactic acid buildup is intermittent Claudication
True
T or f？intermittent claudication resolves in 10 min or less and is reproducible
True
T or f？ numbing and tingling of toes/feet from nerve tissue ischemia is paresthesia
True
T or f？neuropathy causes severe shooting or burning pain with paresthesia
True
T or f？paresthesia produces loss of pressure and deep pain sensations from reduced blood flow to limbs
True
T or f？ the paresthesia injuries often go unnoticed.
True
T or f？with reduced blood flow to limbs…you see thin, shiny and taut skin
True
T or f？ with reduced blood flow to limbs you see loss of hair on the lower legs
True
T or f？ with reduced blood flow to limbs, you see absent pedal, popliteal, or femoral pulses
True
T or f？with reduced blood flow to limbs, you see foot pallor with leg elevation.
True
T or f？with reduced blood flow to limb, you see reactive hyperemia of the floor with dependent position
True
T or f？you see pain at rest with PAD due to feet and toes being elevated
True
T or f？you see pain at rest with PAD due to low blood flow to distal tissues and happens more at night and gravity helps the pain relief.
True
T or f？CLI has no healing ulcers or gangrene
True
T or f？CLI has increased risk/prevalence with DM, HF, history of smoke
True
CLI has to do with chronic ischemic rest pain that lasts more than 2 hours. T or f？
True
T or f？ burning, cramping, pain in legs while you exercise is intermittent claudication.
True
T or f？ with PAD, you see numb or burning pain in feet when in bed
True
T or f？the pain with PAD can be relived by putting legs in dependent position.
True
T or f？you find bruits over femoral and aortic arteries with PAD
True
T or f？ you find a cap refill in toes of GT 3 sec(decreased) with PAD
True
T or f？you find no/decreased pulses with PAD
True
T or f？you find loss of hair on calf, ankle, and foot
True
T or f？you find dry, scaly, mottoes skin with PAD
True
T or f？you find think nails and cold/cyanosis extremities with PAD
True
T or f？you see Pallor of extremity with elevation with PAD
True
T or f？you see dependent rubor/redness of extremities with PAD.
Tru
T or f？ you see muscle atrophy and ulcers/toe gangrene with PAD.
True
T or f？the consequences of HTN are left ventricular hypertrophy
Tru
T or f? HTN will target the heart and brain(cerebrovasular disease)
True
T or f? With HTN and the heart you see CAD, atherosclerosis, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure
True
T or f? With the brain and HTN you see: cerebrovascular disease and retinopathy
True
T or f?with the brain and HTN, you see: TIA, strokes, and atherosclerosis
True
With the brain and HTN you see hypertensive encephalopathy and autoregulation changes
True
T or f? Modifiable RF of CVD are BP
True
T or f? When BP rises so does the risk of : MI, HF, stroke, renal disease and retinopathy
True
T or f? BP is the force exerted by blood against the wall of blood vessels
True
T or f? BP involves systemic and peripheral vascular effects
True
T or f? It is Impt to maintain tissue perfusion in activity and rest for BP regulation
True
T or f? BP is a function of CO an SVR
True
T or f? CO=SVxHR
True
T or f? CM of HTN is fatigue and dizziness
True
T or f? HTN CM are palpitations, angina and dysnpea
True
T or f? CM of HTN are face flushing and fainting
Tru
T or f? CM of HTN are retinal changes, visual disturbances, and nocturnal
True
T or f? HTN is a silent killer. It’s asymptotic til target organ disease occurs.
True
T or f? When the BP is elevated take in both arms and with pt sitting and standing
True
T or f? PreHTN is 120-139/80-89
True
T or f? Stage 1 HTN is 140-159/90-99
True
T or f? Stage 2 HTN is GT 160/GT 100
True
Hypertensive crisis is a consequence of HTN T or f?
True
T or f? The nurse should recognize headache, BP above 180/120 and blurred vision as hypertensive crisis.
True
T or f? The nurse should know that dizziness, disorientation, and epistaxis are CM of hypertensive crisis’
True
T or f? You want to administer IV AH therapies like nitroprusside, nicardipine, and labetalol) with HTN
True
T or f? You want to lower the BP by 20-25% the first hour in a hypertensive crisis but to not stop below 140/90
True
T or f? When doing IV AH therapy, M BP Q 5-15 min witha hypertensive crisis
True
T or f? Assess pupils, LOC and muscle strength to M for cerebrovasular change with a hypertensive crisis
True
T or f? M the ECG to assess the cardiac status in a hypertensive crisis
True
T or f? The expected BP is LT120/L80
True
T or f? HTN RF are age, ETOH, and DM
True
T or f? HTN RF are elevated serum lipids, race, and excess Na
True
T or f? HTN RF are genes, obesity, and gender
True
T or f? HTN RF are sedentary, SES, stress and tobacco use
True
T or f? AA have a higher rate of HTN
True
T or f? Postmenopausal and pregnancy increase the risk of HTN
True
T or f? Kidney disease, cushing disease and primary aldosteronism increase the risk of 2nd HTN
True
T or f? Pheochromocytoma, brain tumors and encephalitis increase the risk of 2nd HTN
True
T or f? Estrogen, steroids and sympathomimetics increase the risk of 2nd HTN
True
T or f? The PAD RF are hypertension and hyperlipidemia
True
T or f? The PAD RF are DM, smoke and obesity
True
T or f? The PAD RF are sedentary and genes
True
T or f? The PAD RF are female, older than 65 and high cholesterol
True
T or f? The PAD RF are elevated C reactive proteins, hyperhomocysteinemia and atherosclerosis
True
T or f? The RF for impaired perfusion are low SES and advanced age
True
T or f? The RF for impaired perfusion lifestyle and immobility
True
T or f? The mod RF for impaired perfusion are smoke and elevated serum lipids
True
T or f? The mod RF for impaired perfusion are sedentary lifestyle and obesity
True
T or f? The mod RF for impaired perfusion are DM and hypertension
True
T or f? The nonmod RF for impaired perfusion are age, men, and genes
True
T or f? Central perfusion is the force of blood movement generated by CO
True
T or f? Central perfusion needs good cardiac function, BP, and blood volume
True
T or f? Central perfusion is where blood is propelled to all organs and tissues from arteries thru capillaries and returns the blood to the heart thru veins
True
T or f? CO=SVxHR
True
T or f? Local/tissue perfusion is the volume of blood that flows to target tissue
True
T or f? Tissue/local perfusion requires patent vessels, good hydrostatic pressure and cap permeability
True
T or f? General perfusion is the flow of blood tray arteries and cap delivering nutrients and O2 to cells
True
T or f? COPD is chronic airflow limitation that is irreversible
True
COPD has to do with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. T or f?
True
T or f? You see chronic dysnpea with COPD
True
T or f? You see a RR that can 40-50/min during acute exacerabations in dysnpea
True
T or f? chronic bronchitis develops when hypersecretion of mucus obstructs the trachea and bronchi
True
T or f? Chronic bronchitis can be caused by irritants like smoke, pollution, and resp. Infection
True
T or f? Symptoms of chronic bronchitis are cough and dysnpea
True
T or f? Emphysema develops when the alveolar walls are destroyed an leads to permanent enlargement
True
T or f? Emphysema is caused by cig smoke
True
T or f? Emphysema has loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of lung tissue
True
T or f? Emphysema causes destruction of alveoli
True
T or f? Emphysema leads to decreased SA for gas exchange, CO2 retention and resp acidosis
True
T or f? COPD has dysnpea on excretion and cough in morning
True
T or f? COPD has hypoxemia and crackles/wheezes.
True
T or f?COPD has rapid and shallow registrations & use of accesssory muscles
True
T or f? COPD has a barrel chest/increased chest diameter(mostly with emphysema)
True
T or f? COPD has hyper resonance on percussion due to trapped air(with emphysema)
True
T or f? COPD has irregular breathing patterns and thin extremities/enlarge neck muscles
True
T or f? COPD has edema secondary to RSHF and clubbing in the late stages.
True
T or f? COPD has pallor and cyanosis of nail beds and MM in the late stages
True
T or f? COPD has decreased O2 saturation and in AA…the O2 saturation can be lower
True
T or f? use a incentive spirometer to expand lungs and diagnose COPD
True
T or f? With COPD, you see chronic ariway inflammation, lung parenchymal and plum BV
True
T or f? COPD has loss of elastic recoil and mucus hypersecretion
True
T or f? COPD has mucosal edema, bronchospasm that obstructs airways
True
T or f? COPD has hypoxemia and hypercapnia
True
T or f? Early signs of COPD are chronic cough
True
T or f? Complications of COPD are corpulmonale, sputum, cough and dsypnea
True
T or f? The main goal of care for COP pt is relieve symptoms an improve exercise tolerance
True
T or f? The main goals of COPD care is prevent and treat exacerbation/complications/disease progression
True
T or f? The main goal of COPD care is promote pt part in care, improve life quality and reduce mortality
True
T or f? Treat COPD with LVRS and a bullectomy
True
T or f? The way to treat COPD is transplants, pursed lip breathing and airway clearance techniques
True
T or f? Ways to treat COPD are huff coughing , percussion, vibration and postural drainage
True
T or f? You will see weight loss and malnutrition with COPD
True
T or f? The nurse will do acute care for exacerbations, cor pulmonale, and acute resp failure for COPD
True
T or f? There will be plum rehab for COPD pts. The overall goal will be to increase exercise capacity and improve the quality of life.
True
T or f? Walk for COPD to exercise and get adequate sleep and nutrition.
True
T or f? Do O2 therapy when humidified bc of irritation with COPD
True
T or f? with asthma the major concern with asthma is status asthmaticus.
true
T or f? asthma is the chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in recurrent episodes of airflow obstruction.
true
T or f? asthma is reversible
true
T or f? with asthma the airflow is limited due to inflammation and results in bronchoconstriction, hyperreactivity, and edema of airways.
true
T or f? asthma attacks are caused by hyperreactive airways leading to contraction of the muscles in the airways.
true
T or f? you see wheezing and coughing with astham
true
T or f? you see dyspnea and chest tightness with asthma
true
T or f? symptoms that occur less then 2 times a week is mild intermittent
true
T or f? symptoms that are more then twice a week but not daily is mild persistent
true
T or f? daily symptoms in conjunction with exacerbations twice a week are moderate persistent
true
T or f? frequent symptoms are severe persistent
true
T or f? anxiety and stress are seen with asthma
true
T or f?mucus production and use of accessory muscles are seen with asthma
true
T or f? prolonged exhalation and low O2 is seen in asthma
true
T or f? barrel chest and increased chest diameter are seen in asthma
true
T or f? hypoxemia, hypocarbia(early), and hypercarbia(late in attack) are in asthma
true
T or f? hypoxemia is O2 less than 80
true
T or f? hypocarbia is CO2 LT 35 and early in attack
true
T or f? hypercarbia is CO2 GT 45 and late in attack
true
T or f? resp. infections are precipitating factors of acute asthma attack
true
T or f? genes and immune system influence the development of asthma
true
T or f? GERD is seen with asthma
true
T or f? increase meds if asthma gets worse and decrease the meds if gets better
true
T or f? when pt is in asthma attack, decrease the anxiety and panic
true
T or f? use MDI and DPI and nebulizers with asthma
true
T or f? pH is LT 7.35 is respiratory acidosis
true
T or f? resp. acidosis occurs in hypoventilation when CO2 is retained like in COPD
true
T or f? primary prevention in optimizing gas exchange is infection control and no smoking
true
T or f? primary prevention in optimizing gas exchange is vaccines and preventing postop complications
true
T or f? HH, cleaning surfaces, elbow cough, avoid large groups of people is infection control
true
T or f? preventing infections is done thru vaccines
true
T or f? reduce use and increasing access to services is to stop smoking
true
T or f? use the incentive spirometer and breathe deep Q 2 hours to prevent postop complications
true
T or f? prevent DVT by SC administration of anticoagulant to reduce clotting OR use stocking OR encourage ambulation
true
T or f? do a TB skin test to screen/secondary help optimizing gas exchange
true
T or f? no smoke and pharmacotherapy are collab interventions to optimize gas exchange
true
T or f? dilating airways and reducing edema is pharmacotherapy
true
T or f? increasing cough effectiveness and killing/limiting microbe growth is pharmacotherapy
true
T or f? oxygen therapy(humidified O2) and chest physiotherapy are collab interventions to optimize gas exchange
true
airway management and breathing support are collab interventions to optimize gas exchange. T or f?
true
T or f? postural drainage (let gravity do the work and used for cystic fibrosis) is a collab intervention to optimize gas exchnage
true
T or f? invasive procedures and nutrition therapy are collab interventions to optimize gas exchange
true
T or f? positioning in supine or sitting is a collab intervention to optimize gas exchange
true
T or f? sit a pt up if they have chronic pulm disease or acute/chronic impaired gas exchange
true
T or f? lie pt flat if hypoxic or acute lung disease. this give the areas of the lungs that are most dependent become the best ventilated and perfused.
true
with chest phsyiotherapy, you loosen and move secretions to be expelled. you use percussion(cup and clap) and vibration to loosen secretions. T or f?
true
if pt has dyspnea, use small meals. T or f?
T
if pt has a productive cough, oral care bf meals and reduce lingering taste of sputum . T or f?
t
give a pt with impaired gas exchange, high protein/calorie meals to give energy to breathe and support the immune system. T or f?
t
T or f? thoracentesis, bronchoscopy, and chest tubes are invasive procedures
t
T or f? head down, on left and right side, and supine and prone are dependent positions.
t
T or f? intubate or maintain open airway to do airway management.
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is quiet and effortless breathing
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is O2 between 95-100%
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is skin, nail beds, and lips are the appropriate color for the race
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is thorax is symmetric with equal thoracic expansion bilaterally
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is spinous processes are aligned and spaculae are bilateral symmetric
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is AP diameter of chest is 1:2 ratio of AP to lateral
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is trachea is midline
t
T or f? normal gas exchange is clear breath sounds bilaterally
t
T or f? the history of gas exchange has fam history and past med history
t
T or f? the history of gas exchange has current meds and lifestyle behaviors
t
T or f? the history of gas exchange has occupation and social environment
t
T or f? the history of gas exchange has problem based history(SOB, angina, cough)
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see increased HR/RR/temp, and decreased O2
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see leaning forward when sitting and anxiousness
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see using accessory muscles to breathe and clubbing
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see barrel chest and pursed lips
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see AP thorax ratio of 1:1 and scoliosis
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see trachea not midline
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see in kids: nare flaring and grunting
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see in kids: chest wall retractions and cyanosis
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will see in kids: they stop eating to breathe
t
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will hear in auscultation: narrrowed bronchi that may produce expiratory and inspiratory wheezing and stridor
T
T or f? with impaired gas exchange you will hear in auscultation: mucus or secretions may create rhonchi and fluid may generate crackles
t
a chest x ray will detect impaired ventilation and ID pleural effusion. T or f?
t
a chest x ray will ID pneumothorax, hemothorax, or emphysema. T or f?
t
a CT will detect pulm densities and tumors and pulm emboli.T or f?
t
T or f? a V/Q scan can diagnose a pulm emboli
t
T or f? a PET scan can distinguish from benign and malignant
t
T or f? a pulm function study can assess the presence and severity of diseases in airways.
t
T or f? a pulm function study can distinguish between obstructive and restrictive pulm diseases
t
T or f? an endoscopy is a bronchoscopy exam where a scope is put thru the bronchi to diagnose, collect and do tissue biopsy
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for infants are: they are nose breathers til 3 mths. if nose is clogged, no breathing happens
t
t or f? sneezing will clear the nares
t
t or f? resp patterns of newborns are irregular with 10-15 second pauses in between breaths
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for infants are fetal Hb(present for the first 5 mths and results in shortened survival of RBC’s …causes anemia by age 2 or 3 mths
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for infants are: less alveolar surface area for gas exchange, as well as narrow branching of peripheral airways that are easily obstructed by mucus, edema, or foreign objects
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for kids are: less alveolar surface area for gas exchange, as well as narrow branching of peripheral airways that are easily obstructed by mucus, edema, or foreign objects
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: diminished strength of respiratory muscles reduces the maximal inspiratory and expiratory force. This may result in a weaker cough
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: alveoli become less elastic and more fibrous causing dyspnea more frequently bc of less diffusion.
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: reduced number of RBC that increases anemia risk
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: chest wall becomes thicker with loss of elastic recoil
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: resp. muscles are weaker reducing the cough
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: alveoli dilate, decreased SA for gas diffusion, and decreased pulm capillary network
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange for old ppl are: the immune response is decreased
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange(nonmod): age, pollution, and allergies
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange are: smoke, COPD and cystic fibrosis
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange are: HF and immunosuppresion
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange are: altered cog and brain injury
t
T or f? RF for impaired gas exchange are: tracheal intubation and prolonged immobility
t
t or f? gas exchange is O2 to cells and CO2 from the cells
t
t or f? the neuro, resp, and cardiac sys need to function to do gas exchange
t
t or f? the lungs deliver O2 to tissues then cell metabolism then CO2 to lungs then exhalation
t
t or f? ischemia is low oxygenated blood to tissues that results in hypoxemia and cell injury/death
t
t or f? hypoxia is low O2 to cells
t
t or f? anoxia is total lack of O2 in tissues
t
t or f? hypoxemia is reduced oxygenation arterial blood
t
t or f? nervous sys regulates breathing
t
t or f? as diaphragm contracts, O2 from atmosphere is pulled in. the nose will warm and humidify then the air goes to alveoli thru trachea and bronchi
t
t or f? CO2 is a byproduct of cell metabolism
t
t or f? CO2 is transported to the atmosphere in the opposite order of O2 and lowers the arterial CO2 level
t
t or f? CO2 will diffuse into plasma
t
t or f? when PaCO2 is decreased, signal to medulla to inhale is turned off til CO2 level rises
t
t or f? gas does diffusion
t
t or f? CO2 and O2 are independent
t
t or f? ineffective ventilation, reduced gas transportation ability, and inadequate perfusion can impair gas exchange
t
t or f? if infant is born bf 30 weeks, there is no surfactant present.
t
t or f? acute illness like pneumonia and asthma can lead to impaired gas exchange
t
t or f? COPD can lead to impaired gas exchange
t
t or f? neurologic, cardiovascular and hematologic (anemia) issues can lead to impaired gas exchange
t
t or f? congenital defects, genetic conditions, injury, inflammation, infections, and malignant neoplasms can cause impaired gas exchange
t
t or f? ventilation is inhaling oxygen into the lungs and exhaling CO2 from the lungs
t
t or f? transport is Hb availability and carrying O2 to cells from alveoli for metabolism and to carry CO2 from cells to alveoli
t
t or f? perfusion is the ability of blood to transport O2 containing Hb to cells and return Co2 containing Hb to the alveoli
t
