The Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
What is classical conditioning
Pavlov discovered it, it involves stimulus and response
How does classical conditioning work?
A UCS (unconditioned stimulus) creates a UCR (unconditioned response)
The UCS becomes paired with an NS (neutral stimulus)
After a few trials the NS will illicit the UCR and will be conditioned
They will become a CS (conditioned stimulus) and CR (conditioned response)
What study shows stimulus generalisation?
Little Albert
What was Little Albert?
Albert was given a rat (NS) and Watson made a clang (UCS) and Albert became scared of the rat
What is the stimulus generalisation in the case of little albert?
The rat to Albert was white and fluffy and Albert became scared of everything white and fluffy.
Operant conditioning?
Learning with reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
Good reward for good behaviour, behaviour will be repeated
Negative reinforcement
Behaviour will change to avoid eliciting a negative outcome, making avoidant behaviour more frequently
vicarious reinforcement
occurs when the frequency of certain behaviors increases as a result of observing others rewarded for the same behaviors.
Positive punishment
The addition of punishment to reprimand undesirable behaviour
The removal of a positive stimulus to reprimand undesirable behaviour
Negative punishment
Thorndike did what
Cat in puzzle box
