The Beginning of Democracy Flashcards
The first representative assembly
Elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758. Prince Edward Island followed in 1773, New Brunswick in 1785.
Importance of the Constitutional Act of 1791
Divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (later Ontario), which was mainly Loyalist, Protestant and English-speaking, and Lower Canada (later Quebec), heavily Catholic and French-speaking. The Act also granted to the Canadas, for the first time, legislative assemblies elected by the people. The name Canada also became official at this time and has been used ever since.
What was known as British North America?
The Atlantic colonies and the two Canadas were known collectively as British North America.
When and which province started movement to abolish slavery in Canada/the Empire?
In 1793, Upper Canada, led by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe (also found Toronto/City of York), a Loyalist military officer, became the first province in the Empire to move toward abolition. In 1807, the British Parliament prohibited the buying and selling of slaves, and in 1833 abolished slavery throughout the Empire.
What is meant by “the North Star”
Thousands of slaves escaped from the United States, followed “the North Star” and settled in Canada via the Underground Railroad, a Christian anti-slavery network.
When did the Montreal Stock Exchange open
1832
Mary Ann Shadd Cary
Activist in the movement to abolish slavery. In 1853 she became the first woman publisher in Canada.
Who fought against US invasion in 1812?
Canadian volunteers and First Nations, including Shawnee led by Chief Tecumseh, supported British soldiers in Canada’s defence.
Retaliation to Americans burning Government House and the Parliament Buildings in York (now Toronto) in 1813.
In 1814, Major-General Robert Ross led an expedition from Nova Scotia that burned down the White House and other public buildings in Washington, D.C. Ross died in battle soon afterwards and was buried in Halifax with full military honours.
Significance of Duke of Wellington (2 things)
1) The Duke of Wellington sent some of his best soldiers to defend Canada in 1814.
2) He then chose Bytown (Ottawa, thus founding it) as the endpoint of the Rideau Canal, part of a network of forts to prevent the U.S.A. from invading Canada again.
Name several Fathers of Confederation
1) Sir Étienne-Paschal Taché
2) Sir George-Étienne Cartier
3) Sir John A. Macdonald
4) Sir Leonard Tilley
The first British North American colony to attain full responsible government
Nova Scotia in 1847–48.
In 1848–49 the governor of United Canada, Lord Elgin, with encouragement from London, introduced responsible government in Canada.
Who assigned Canada’s national colours (white and red)?
King George V in 1921
Importance of Sir Leonard Tilley, an elected official and Father of Confederation from New Brunswick
Suggested the term Dominion of Canada in 1864. He was inspired by Psalm 72 in the Bible which refers to “dominion from sea to sea and from the river to the ends of the earth.” This phrase embodied the vision of building a powerful, united, wealthy and free country that spanned a continent. The title was written into the Constitution, was used officially for about 100 years, and remains part of our heritage today.
Order in which provinces and territotries joined Canada - Expansion of the Dominion
1867 - Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick 1870 - Manitoba, Northwest Territories 1871 - British Columbia 1873 - Prince Edward Island 1880 - Transfer of the Arctic Islands (to N.W.T.) 1898 - Yukon Territory 1905 - Alberta, Saskatchewan 1949 - Newfoundland and Labrador 1999 - Nunavut
Canada’s first Prime Minister.
In 1867, Sir John Alexander Macdonald, a Father of Confederation.
Parliament has recognized January 11 as Sir John A. Macdonald Day. His portrait is on the $10 bill.
Importance of Louis Riel
1) Led an armed Metis uprising and seized Fort Garry (currently Manitoba), the territorial capital.
2) Defender of Métis rights and the father of Manitoba.
When did Prime Minister Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police (NWMP)?
In 1873 to pacify the West and assist in negotiations with the Indians.
first French- Canadian prime minister since Confederation
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
- encouraged immigration to the West
- is on the $5 bill.
Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1914
- When Germany attacked Belgium and France in 1914 and Britain declared war, Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary Force (later the Canadian Corps).
- More than 600,000 Canadians served in the war, most of them volunteers, out of a total population of eight million.
- 60,000 Canadians were killed and 170,000 wounded.
April 9 is celebrated as Vimy Day.
The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917, with 10,000 killed or wounded, securing the Canadians’ reputation for valour as the “shock troops of the British Empire.”
- the first British victory of the First World War
Importance of General Sir Arthur Currie, Canada’s greatest soldier.
In 1918, under his command the Canadian Corps advanced alongside the French and British Empire troops in the last hundred days. These included the victorious Battle of Amiens on August 8, 1918–which the Germans called “the black day of the German Army”–followed by Arras, Canal du Nord, Cambrai and Mons.
Agnes Macphail
a farmer and teacher, became the first woman MP in 1921
Dr. Emily Stowe
1) Founder of the women’s suffrage movement in Canada
2) First Canadian woman to practise medicine in Canada
