The Becket crisis

Question 1

Consituties of the council of Lillebonne reissued

Answer 1

February 1162: Established Henry’s right to appoint ecclesiastical officials

Question 2

Becket made ABC

Answer 2

1162 May

Question 3

Becket resigns as Chancellor

Answer 3

Autumn 1162 (angers Henry) as his whole goal was to have Becket do both

Question 4

Council of Westminster

Answer 4

Henry demands Bishops uphold customs of the realm (e.g. Henry’s right to elect ecclesiastical officials) Becket says saving his order, this enfuriates Henry.

Question 5

Consequences of Council of Westminster (4 points)

Answer 5

seeks Legateship for Roger of York, Takes HTY out of Becket’s household, Removes all Beckets remaining honours and estates, castles of eyre and Berkhamsted, and supports Clarembald (abbot of St.Augustine’s monastery who was disputing Becket’s authority over him)

Question 6

Council of Woodstock

Answer 6

1163: Becket refuses to pay sheriffs aid directly into the exchequer (traditionally paid by all tenants in chief)

Question 7

Council of Clarendon

Answer 7

1164: Henry demands that (like at Westminster 1163) Bishops uphold the customs of the realm and handover criminous clerks but Becket refuses

Question 8

Becket made papal legate

Answer 8

1166: denounces constituitions of Clarendon and excommunicates Henry’s justiciar

Question 9

Henry’s brother William of Anjou seeks to marry Isabel Warenne (Stephen’s widow)

Answer 9

1162: This requires a dispensation, usually easily given, however Becket refuses.

Question 10

Philip of Aumone sent to try and convince Becket to agree to the constitutions of Clarendon

Answer 10

Philip agrees with Henry and ratifies the constituitions of clarendon, however Becket writes to Pope Alexander, however he neither confirms nor denies the constitutions

Question 11

Montmartre

Answer 11

November 1169: Becket and Henry try to make peace however Henry refuses to give the kiss of peace

Question 12

Beckets previous loyalty to Henry

Answer 12

1155-62 had concluded important diplomacy with the French court - Helps Henry in raising revenue from church for his military campaigns

Question 13

Council of Northhampton

Answer 13

Autumn 1164: Henry accuses Becket of embezzling money during his time as chancellor says he owes £300 and 500 marks for Toulouse campaign

Question 14

Becket goes into exile

Answer 14

October 1164: hosted by Louis VII

Question 15

Following Becket’s exile

Answer 15

Household, land and properties seized

Question 16

Henry the Young coronated

Answer 16

June 1170: By the Archbishop of York (role traditionally given to the Archbishop of Canterbury)

Question 17

Becket threatens Interdict

Answer 17

July 1170: threatens interdict over England following coronation of HTy

Question 18

Peace at Freteval

Answer 18

1170: Allows Becket to come back to England and re-crown Margaret and HTY and doesn’t bring up constitutions of clarendon nor does he insist on the kiss of peace

Question 19

As soon as Becket gets back to England

Answer 19

December 1170: As soon as Becket returns to England, he excommunicates Gilbert Foliot, Roger of York and Joscelyn of Salisbury

Question 20

The excommunicated trio complain

Answer 20

Henry apparently says “who will rid me of this turbulent priest (4 knights go and dash his brains out in Westminster abbey)

Question 21

Why Alexander III doesn’t allow Becket or Henry to gain a dominant position over eachother

Answer 21

Was forced to symbolically support Becket but also feared that Henry would support rival popes Calixtus III or Paschal III

Question 22

Alexander prevents Becket inflicting harm on Henry or English bishops

Answer 22

July 1168: prevented from inflicting harm on Henry or other English bishops until march 1169

Question 23

refuses to confirm consitutions of Clarendon

Answer 23

1164 Alexander III refuses to confirm the constitutions of clarendon ratified by Philip of Aumone