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Y5 History > The Battle of Hastings > Flashcards

The Battle of Hastings Flashcards

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1
Q

Around what time did the battle start? (1 mark)

A

9.30am

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2
Q

Where were the Saxons positioned? (1 mark)

A

Senlac Hill

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3
Q

What does ‘Senlac’ mean? (1 mark)

A

Blood Lake

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4
Q

Which of Harold’s brothers were at the battle? (2 marks)

A

Gyrth and Leofwine

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5
Q

How many stages were there in the battle? (2 marks)

A

4

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6
Q

How many soldiers in each army? (2 marks)

A

5,000-7,000

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7
Q

Where had William landed in the south of England? (1 mark)

A

Pevensey

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8
Q

What was Harold’s ‘difficult’ decision after Stamford Bridge? (2 marks)

A

-To go straight to William in the south and attack or
-To wait in London for reinforcements, especially the 5,000 from the border of Wales.

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9
Q

What did Gyrth offer to do for Harold while they were waiting in London? (2 marks)

A

He offered to battle William instead of Harold, so that the King could have longer to build up forces and to protect the leader of the country.

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10
Q

How did the Saxons line up at the battle? (3 marks)

A
  • In a Shield Wall
  • With the Housecarls in the front
  • With the Fyrd behind and at the sides
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11
Q

How did the Norman army line up at the start of the battle? (4 marks)

A
  • The Normans were in the centre
  • The Bretons on the left
  • The French and Flemish on the right
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12
Q

What type of soldiers made up the Norman army? (3 marks)

A
  • Archers
  • Infantry
  • Cavalry.
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13
Q

What type of soldiers made up the Saxon army? (2 marks)

A

Housecarls and Fyrd

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14
Q

Who were the Fyrd? (2 marks)

A

Saxon soldiers who were usually farmers and only provided 30 days service a year for their Lord.

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15
Q

Who were the Housecarls? (2 marks)

A

Professional soldiers who were feared across Europe and had the axe as their favourite weapon.

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16
Q

How did William start the battle? (2 marks)

A

He ordered his archers forward and to shoot on a flat trajectory at the Shield Wall.

17
Q

Name the minstrel that charged at the Saxon shield wall before the battle started? (1 mark)

A

Talifer

18
Q

After the archers had begun the battle what did William then order? (2 marks)

A

For an infantry charge, followed by the cavalry.

19
Q

Who ‘won’ stage 1? (1 mark)

A

The Saxons

20
Q

What happened in stage 2? (4 marks)

A
  • The Saxon shield wall continued to hold.
  • Then the Bretons heard a rumour that William had been killed.
  • The Bretons lost heart in fighting and retreated back down the hill.
  • The Saxon Fyrd, who had been battling them, decided to follow and were killed.
21
Q

What was the ‘lull’ in the fighting? (2 marks)

A

Half time - the period when William ‘drew breath’, re-grouped and planned for the next phase of the battle.

22
Q

What was William’s main plan in Stage 3 of the battle? (2 marks)

A

To attempt ‘feign’ or pretend retreats to try to tempt the Saxons off the hill.

23
Q

Who won stage 2? (1 mark)

A

The Normans

24
Q

What happened in stage 3? (3 marks)

A
  • The feign (pretend) retreats.
  • Whether they were planned or not, the feign retreats began to work and some Saxons (Fyrd) decided to follow (out of the Shield Wall) the Normans thinking they had won.
  • Continued Norman infantry and cavalry attacks on the shield wall, but it continued to hold.
25
Q

Who won Stage 3? (1 mark)

A

The Normans

26
Q

What happened to Gyrth and Leofwine? (1 mark)

A

They were killed.

27
Q

What happened in Stage 4 of the battle? (4 marks)

A
  • William orders ‘loopy’ arrows
  • At the same time sends his infantry and cavalry for another charge at the Shield Wall.
  • Harold is hit in the eye with an arrow and then sought out by Norman cavalry who cut him to pieces.
  • The Housecarls are wiped out and Normans take the hill.
28
Q

Who wins Stage 4 of the battle? (1 mark)

A

The Normans

29
Q

Around what time does the battle end? (1 mark)

A

5.00pm

30
Q

Finish this sentence - ‘William had won a battle……(2 marks)

A

‘but not yet a kingdom’.

31
Q

Did William go straight to London after the battle? (1 mark)

A

No

32
Q

What did William do after the battle? (3 marks)

A
  • He captured Dover and started building a castle.
  • He then installed a new Archbishop of Canterbury
  • Then he crossed the Thames at Wallingford so that he could approach London from the north.
33
Q

Where did the Saxons surrender? (1 mark)

A

Berkhamsted

34
Q

When was William crowned and in what building? (2 marks)

A

25th December 1066 & in Westminster Abbey

Y5 History (2 decks)

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