The Basics & Connective Tissue Flashcards
static vs dynamic
static= non moving systems, not passives just still. active stability
dynamic=moving systems
kinetics vs kinematics
kinetics=FORCES. act on body to generate or alter movement
kinematics=analysis of movement in terms of mechanical elements (time / space)
example of kinetics vs kinematics
yoshi slips on banana peel.
kinetics= gravity, friction between floor and banan
kinematics=center of gravity, how fast you walked
4 parts of human movement
1 mobility 2 stability (supported) 3 balance (disbrtn of wght) 4 coordination (organization of diff elements)
kinetic chains
series of joints linked by arrangement of muscles and bones along pathway of movement
4 structures essential for movement
- CT formation
- joints
- muscles
- nerves
examples of static and dynamic movement:
static: sitting in meditation pose, mountain pose yoga
dynamic: jumping, standing on one foot
examples of coordination and movement:
coordination: squatting with weight, throwing ball
movement (kinetic chain): vacuuming, carrying backpack, eating)
ECM
-made of protein fibers
-determines structure and functional properties
-made of collagen, elastin, reticular.
(collagen=most abundant protein. elastic=thinner than collagen. flexible. reticular=meshwork)
soft tissue properties (8)
- stretch -lengthen w/o damage
- plasticity- capacity to be altered and retain to config.
- elasticity- capacity to recoil
- thixotrohpy- responds to change in temp. (fingers in cold temp)
- tensile strength- ability to be pulled in 2 directions
- creep- gradual change in shape (desk job=neck change)
- piezoelectric effet-CT is put under mechanical stress. ex=electrical stim
- collodial- composed of sloid particles in fluid . increased forced = increased opposition. ex: jumping from tall building to water = most likely to break leg trying to oppose stronger force.
2 ways to categorize CT
structure and function
Types of CT structure (5)
1 liquid-blood, mucus
2 loose-small # fibers in large ground tissue
3 dense-ex tendons, 4 ligaments, joint capsules
4 cartilaginous: hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
5 osseous- bones
Types of CT functions (3)
- compressive (ex. bones & cartilage to bear weight)
- tensile (ex. fasciae, tendons, ligaments)
- impacted by force
types of bone (5)
- long- support weight of body
- short- provide stability
- seasmoid-bone in tendon
- irregular- protect tendons from stress and wear
- flat- provide protection like a shield
main function of bone
- maintain body shape
- allow weight bearing
- support of tissues
- provide framework and spacing
- levers for movement
Types of bone cells (3)
- osteocytes- secrete collagen
- osteoblasts- trapped in their own secretions
- osteoclasts- break down and clear away ECM
Major parts of the bone
- compact-densly packed bone tissue makes up most of shaft
- spongy-resist stress and transfer force
- periosteum- CT at bone surface except joints
Wolff’s Law
when bone tissue is put under stress, it will thicken and from strong osseous.
or if stress is removed, bone will rip down.
AKA movement=strong bones
Other types of CT (2)
- cartilage
2. fasciae
cartilage
it is a web of elastin and collagen in gelatin ground substance.
-can endure more stress, poor blood supply
3 types of cartilage
1) fibrocartilage, toughest
2) hyaline, most abundant
3) elastic, most pliable
fascial tissue and 3 types
bodys sheets, cables, conduits
3 types: proper fascia, tendon & ligaments, and other
proper fasica
Includes fascia that surround muscle bellies septa, retinacula, & joint capsules
connective tissue network 2 critical tasks
1) complete structural framework- gives shape and support to body
2) provide mechanical work
3rd structural element ?
FLUID.
- Transports nutrients & wastes
- Lubricates joints
- Assists with structural integrity
where/when does movement happen? (4)
Locally (at the muscle)
Globally (surrounding structures)
Internally (muscle contraction)
Externally (weight of objects, gravity, etc)
3 physiological truths
You are a collagen producing machine
We have to keep balance –
Too much collagen will lead to decreased movement
Too little collagen leads to instability
Different parts of our bodies need more or less collagen
Your body responds to demand
“use it or lose it”
When we don’t use our muscles, collagen builds up – leads to increase instability and decreased mobility
Fluid removal and replacement
Movement flushes out the old and pumps in the new
types of proper fascia (7)
- fascia profunda
- myofascial unit
- septum
- aponeurosis
- interosseous membrane
- retinaculum
- joint capsule
proper fascia: fascia profunda
beneath layer of skin.
holds muscle bellies together.
proper fascia: myofascial unit
muscle + fascia
proper fascia: septum
fascial sheets that seperate various muscles of the extremeties
proper fascia: aponeurosis
broad, flat tendon that attached to end of a muscle.
increase stability or strength
proper fasica: interosseous membrane
bind together bone and serve as muscle attachment sites. ex: radius, ulna, tibia, fibula
proper fascia: retinaculum
sheathings that encircle joints to bind and stabilize tendoms that cross them
