The Basics & Connective Tissue

Question 1

static vs dynamic

Answer 1

static= non moving systems, not passives just still. active stability

dynamic=moving systems

Question 2

kinetics vs kinematics

Answer 2

kinetics=FORCES. act on body to generate or alter movement

kinematics=analysis of movement in terms of mechanical elements (time / space)

Question 3

example of kinetics vs kinematics

Answer 3

yoshi slips on banana peel.
kinetics= gravity, friction between floor and banan

kinematics=center of gravity, how fast you walked

Question 4

4 parts of human movement

Answer 4

1 mobility 
2 stability (supported)
3 balance (disbrtn of wght)
4 coordination (organization of diff elements)

Question 5

kinetic chains

Answer 5

series of joints linked by arrangement of muscles and bones along pathway of movement

Question 6

4 structures essential for movement

Answer 6

1. CT formation
2. joints
3. muscles
4. nerves

Question 7

examples of static and dynamic movement:

Answer 7

static: sitting in meditation pose, mountain pose yoga
dynamic: jumping, standing on one foot

Question 8

examples of coordination and movement:

Answer 8

coordination: squatting with weight, throwing ball

movement (kinetic chain): vacuuming, carrying backpack, eating)

Question 9

ECM

Answer 9

-made of protein fibers
-determines structure and functional properties
-made of collagen, elastin, reticular.
(collagen=most abundant protein. elastic=thinner than collagen. flexible. reticular=meshwork)

Question 10

soft tissue properties (8)

Answer 10

1. stretch -lengthen w/o damage
2. plasticity- capacity to be altered and retain to config.
3. elasticity- capacity to recoil
4. thixotrohpy- responds to change in temp. (fingers in cold temp)
5. tensile strength- ability to be pulled in 2 directions
6. creep- gradual change in shape (desk job=neck change)
7. piezoelectric effet-CT is put under mechanical stress. ex=electrical stim
8. collodial- composed of sloid particles in fluid . increased forced = increased opposition. ex: jumping from tall building to water = most likely to break leg trying to oppose stronger force.

Question 11

2 ways to categorize CT

Answer 11

structure and function

Question 12

Types of CT structure (5)

Answer 12

1 liquid-blood, mucus
2 loose-small # fibers in large ground tissue
3 dense-ex tendons, 4 ligaments, joint capsules
4 cartilaginous: hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
5 osseous- bones

Question 13

Types of CT functions (3)

Answer 13

1. compressive (ex. bones & cartilage to bear weight)
2. tensile (ex. fasciae, tendons, ligaments)
3. impacted by force

Question 14

types of bone (5)

Answer 14

1. long- support weight of body
2. short- provide stability
3. seasmoid-bone in tendon
4. irregular- protect tendons from stress and wear
5. flat- provide protection like a shield

Question 15

main function of bone

Answer 15

1. maintain body shape
2. allow weight bearing
3. support of tissues
4. provide framework and spacing
5. levers for movement

Question 16

Types of bone cells (3)

Answer 16

1. osteocytes- secrete collagen
2. osteoblasts- trapped in their own secretions
3. osteoclasts- break down and clear away ECM

Question 17

Major parts of the bone

Answer 17

1. compact-densly packed bone tissue makes up most of shaft
2. spongy-resist stress and transfer force
3. periosteum- CT at bone surface except joints

Question 18

Wolff’s Law

Answer 18

when bone tissue is put under stress, it will thicken and from strong osseous.
or if stress is removed, bone will rip down.

AKA movement=strong bones

Question 19

Other types of CT (2)

Answer 19

1. cartilage

2. fasciae

Question 20

cartilage

Answer 20

it is a web of elastin and collagen in gelatin ground substance.
-can endure more stress, poor blood supply

Question 21

3 types of cartilage

Answer 21

1) fibrocartilage, toughest
2) hyaline, most abundant
3) elastic, most pliable

Question 22

fascial tissue and 3 types

Answer 22

bodys sheets, cables, conduits

3 types: proper fascia, tendon & ligaments, and other

Question 23

proper fasica

Answer 23

Includes fascia that surround muscle bellies septa, retinacula, & joint capsules

Question 24

connective tissue network 2 critical tasks

Answer 24

1) complete structural framework- gives shape and support to body
2) provide mechanical work

Question 25

3rd structural element ?

Answer 25

FLUID.

• Transports nutrients & wastes
• Lubricates joints
• Assists with structural integrity

Question 26

where/when does movement happen? (4)

Answer 26

Locally (at the muscle)
Globally (surrounding structures)
Internally (muscle contraction)
Externally (weight of objects, gravity, etc)

Question 27

3 physiological truths

Answer 27

You are a collagen producing machine
We have to keep balance –
Too much collagen will lead to decreased movement
Too little collagen leads to instability
Different parts of our bodies need more or less collagen
Your body responds to demand
“use it or lose it”
When we don’t use our muscles, collagen builds up – leads to increase instability and decreased mobility
Fluid removal and replacement
Movement flushes out the old and pumps in the new

Question 28

types of proper fascia (7)

Answer 28

• fascia profunda
• myofascial unit
• septum
• aponeurosis
• interosseous membrane
• retinaculum
• joint capsule

Question 29

proper fascia: fascia profunda

Answer 29

beneath layer of skin.

holds muscle bellies together.

Question 30

proper fascia: myofascial unit

Answer 30

muscle + fascia

Question 31

proper fascia: septum

Answer 31

fascial sheets that seperate various muscles of the extremeties

Question 32

proper fascia: aponeurosis

Answer 32

broad, flat tendon that attached to end of a muscle.

increase stability or strength

Question 33

proper fasica: interosseous membrane

Answer 33

bind together bone and serve as muscle attachment sites. ex: radius, ulna, tibia, fibula

Question 34

proper fascia: retinaculum

Answer 34

sheathings that encircle joints to bind and stabilize tendoms that cross them