The Basics Flashcards
TPRs, Blood Pressure, baby Anatomy, baby Radiographs
Abbrev: TPR
Temperature (rectal), Pulse(BPM), and Respiration(breaths per min)
WNL [T]PR: DOG
99.5 - 102.5 F; 101 F avg.
WNL [T]PR: CAT
100 - 102.5 F; 101 F avg.
WNL T[P]R: DOG
LG = 60-80bpm; SM = 80-140bpm
WNL T[P]R: CAT
140-220bpm
WNL TP[R]: DOG
18-24
WNL TP[R]: CAT
20-30
TPR for GPs, birds, mice/rats?
too high to count on avg.
What is Blood Pressure?
the force of blood pushing against the arterial walls as the heart pumps
Term: Systole
Heartbeat phase: Contraction & Ejection
LV + RV (ventricles) contract - blood ejects into the aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA)
Term: Diastole
Heartbeat phase: Relaxation & Refilling
LV + RV (ventricles) are relaxed, blood flows from the RA + LA (atriums) into the LV and RV
Abbrev: SAP/SBP
Systolic Arterial Pressure - top/1st number
Abbrev: DAP/DBP
Diastolic Arterial Pressure - bottom/2nd number
Abbrev: MAP
Median Arterial Pressure
MAP = DAP + 1/3 (SAP - DAP)
Lateral
away from the median plane - outward (think lateral vs. medial saphenous veins)
Medial
inner, towards the center/median plane (think lateral vs. medial saphenous veins)
Dorsal
upper/top of the body; along the spinal region (think dorsal fin)
Ventral
underside of the body; abdominal portion, front + lower
Cranial
towards the head
Caudal
towards the tail
Rostral
towards the nose (rhymes w/ nostril)
Dorsal (limbs)
outward facing portion(s) of extremities (front of hindlimb)
Palmar
underside of forelimbs (front paws - sounds like human palms)
Plantar
underside of hindlimbs (back paws)
Proximal
closer to the trunk/body
Distal
further from the trunk/body
Anterior
front of body
Posterior
rear of body
Median Plane
divides the animal into L and R through the midline
Sagittal Plane
divides the animal into L and R - not necessarily through the midline
Dorsal Plane
divides the animal into dorsal and ventral portions
Transverse Plane
divides cranial and caudal or rostral and caudal portions of the body
Where is a blood sample commonly drawn from?
the jugular
Where are catheters usually placed?
cephalic vein
What’s the other common option for blood draws aside from the cephalic vein?
lateral saphenous vein
Abbrev: MM
Mucous Membrane
Abbrev: CRT
Capillary Refill Time
A pink, bright MM means what?
WNL RR (respiratory rate) and BPM/blood flow
A pale MM means what?
ABN - anemia, blood loss, shock, dehydration
What does it mean for a MM to be Icteric?
Yellow from Jaundice due to:
RBC (RB cell) destruction (called hemolysis) > causes Anemia
Liver Disease
Bile Duct Obstruction
What does it mean for a MM to be Cyanotic?
Blue - Lack of adequate oxygen in the blood due to:
breathing issues
airway blockage
Heart problems
Gums aside, what else can reveal the MM color in certain animals?
the 3rd eyelid once expressed
Term: Dorsoventral (DV) View
Rads when the patient is prone (laying on tummy - DORSAL region upturned)
Term: Ventrodorsal (VD) View
Rads when the patient is supine (laying on back - VENTRAL region upturned)
Abbrev: RL
Right Lateral Rads - patient in laying lateral on the RIGHT side of their body (R facing down)
Abbrev: LL
Left Lateral Rads - patient is laying lateral on the LEFT side of their body (L facing down)
