The Basics

Question 1

Structure of Matter (classification)

Answer 1

Chemical, Physical, and Electrical

Question 2

define simple matter

Answer 2

composed of one basic earth element

Question 3

define complex matter

Answer 3

composed of two or more elements

Question 4

Physical Classification of Matter

Answer 4

Gas, Liquid, and Solid

Question 5

Electrical Classification of Matter

Answer 5

Insulators, Conductors, and Semi Conductors

Question 6

Types of Insulators

Answer 6

Mica, Glass, Wood

Question 7

Types of Conductors

Answer 7

Copper, Silver, and Gold

Question 8

Types of Semi-Conductors

Answer 8

Silicon and Germanium

Question 9

Definition of a Semi-Conductor

Answer 9

a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of a insulator and that of most metals

Question 10

Atoms contain three types of particals

Answer 10

Neutrons, Protons, and Electrons

Question 11

The heart of the atom is _____

Answer 11

nucleus

Question 12

The nucleus is said to be _____ charged

Answer 12

Positively

Question 13

electrons are _____ charged

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

What is the outer most shell called

Answer 14

Valance Shell

Question 15

Energy levels are called ____

Answer 15

Shells

Question 16

What are the different energy levels(shells) and how many electrons for each energy level(shell)

Answer 16

Closest to Farthest from the nucleus
1.K = 2 electrons
2. L = 8 electrons
3. M = 4 Electrons

Question 17

What 2 ways keep the electrons in their orbit

Answer 17

Magnetic and Kinetic Energy

Question 18

What is magnetic energy

Answer 18

attraction of the electrons to positively charged nucleus

Question 19

what is kinetic energy

Answer 19

stops the electrons from combining with the nucleus due to centrifugal force

Question 20

what happens when the valence shell is closer to the nucleus

Answer 20

the semiconductor material is more stable

Question 21

How many protons, electrons, neutrons and shells does Silicon Have

Answer 21

14 Electrons, 14 Protons, 14 Neutrons, 3 Shells

Question 22

How many protons, electrons, neutrons and shells does Germanium have

Answer 22

32 Electrons, 32 Protons, 41 Neutrons, 4 Shells

Question 23

True or False?
Germanium is more stable than silicon

Answer 23

False (germanium valance shell is farther to the nucleus than the silicon valance shell)

Question 24

Which semi-conductor atom is physically larger? Silicon or Germanium?

Answer 24

Germanium atom

Question 25

When is an atom considered to be in the neutral state

Answer 25

When there are the same number of electrons and protons

Question 26

What is Covalent Bonding

Answer 26

when the electrons in the valance shell are shared between two or more atoms

Question 27

When many silicon atoms have combined through covalent bonding they form what?

Answer 27

silicon crystal

Question 28

What is doping

Answer 28

mixing of impurities(extrinsic material) with an intrinsic material

Question 29

Intrinsic material or a pure crystal is always in a ___ state

Answer 29

neutral

Question 30

conduction of a pure crystal is only affected by _____

Answer 30

heat or light energy (solar)

Question 31

impurities with 5 electrons are called _____

Answer 31

pentavalent

Question 32

having 5 impurities gives the doped crystal an overall ____ charge or _____ type material

Answer 32

negative , "N"

Question 33

impurities with 3 electrons are called _____

Answer 33

trivalent

Question 34

impurities with 3 electrons are ____ type material

Answer 34

"P"

Question 35

To obtain N-type semi conductor material silicon is doped with the following impurities

Answer 35

a. Phosphorous b. Antimony c. Arsenic

Question 36

What are the majority carries in N-type material

Answer 36

Electrons

Question 37

P-type material is doped with the following impurities

Answer 37

a. Aluminum b. Gallium c. Boron d. Indium

Question 38

The majority carries in P-type semi-conductors are

Answer 38

Holes

Question 39

Current Flow is ___ to ____ charge

Answer 39

Negative, Positive

Question 40

Conventional Flow is _____ to ____ charge

Answer 40

Positive, Negative

Question 41

For an electron to flow it must have ______

Answer 41

have a hole to flow into

Question 42

if we only move one hole at a time the hole appears to be moving from _____ to _____ charge, therefore electrons are moving from negative to positive

Answer 42

Positive to Negative

Question 43

How are PN junctions formed

Answer 43

by fusing different impurities into the silicon crystal material

Question 44

The Diode - The P-type material is called the ___ and the N material is called the ____

Answer 44

Anode, Cathode

Question 45

What is the thin intrinsic layer between the P and N material called

Answer 45

Depletion Region

Question 46

What are the two types of Biasing

Answer 46

Forward and Reverse Biasing

Question 47

When junction diode is said to be forward biased when the anode is ____ with respect to the cathode and the Knee Voltage is ___ volts or greater for Silicon and ___ volts for Germanium

Answer 47

positive, 0.7(silicon), 0.3(germanium)

Question 48

Knee voltage is also known as

Answer 48

Cut-in voltage

Question 49

In Forward bias, the current flow is from ____ to ____

Answer 49

Cathode(negative) to Anode(positive)

Question 50

The current won't flow when the positive terminal is connected to the ____ and the negative is connected to the ______

Answer 50

N-type material (negative), P-type material(positive)

Question 51

What is Knee Voltage?

Answer 51

voltage required to put diode into conduction

Question 52

What is Peak Inverse Voltage (P.I.V)

Answer 52

max voltage in reverse the diode can safely handle

Question 53

What is Voltage Break Down Reverse ( V.B.R)

Answer 53

the point at which the diode is destroyed

Question 54

What is Avalanche?

Answer 54

uncontrolled current that will destroy the diode

Question 55

(TESTING A DIODE) when you see _____ on both, the diode is open

Answer 55

infinity

Question 56

(TESTING A DIODE) when you see ____ on both, the diode is shorted

Answer 56

low ohms