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Level 4 : Electronics > The Basics > Flashcards

The Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of Matter (classification)

A

Chemical, Physical, and Electrical

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2
Q

define simple matter

A

composed of one basic earth element

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3
Q

define complex matter

A

composed of two or more elements

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4
Q

Physical Classification of Matter

A

Gas, Liquid, and Solid

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5
Q

Electrical Classification of Matter

A

Insulators, Conductors, and Semi Conductors

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6
Q

Types of Insulators

A

Mica, Glass, Wood

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7
Q

Types of Conductors

A

Copper, Silver, and Gold

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8
Q

Types of Semi-Conductors

A

Silicon and Germanium

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9
Q

Definition of a Semi-Conductor

A

a solid substance that has a conductivity between that of a insulator and that of most metals

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10
Q

Atoms contain three types of particals

A

Neutrons, Protons, and Electrons

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11
Q

The heart of the atom is _____

A

nucleus

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12
Q

The nucleus is said to be _____ charged

A

Positively

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13
Q

electrons are _____ charged

A

Negative

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14
Q

What is the outer most shell called

A

Valance Shell

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15
Q

Energy levels are called ____

A

Shells

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16
Q

What are the different energy levels(shells) and how many electrons for each energy level(shell)

A

Closest to Farthest from the nucleus
1.K = 2 electrons
2. L = 8 electrons
3. M = 4 Electrons

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17
Q

What 2 ways keep the electrons in their orbit

A

Magnetic and Kinetic Energy

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18
Q

What is magnetic energy

A

attraction of the electrons to positively charged nucleus

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19
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

stops the electrons from combining with the nucleus due to centrifugal force

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20
Q

what happens when the valence shell is closer to the nucleus

A

the semiconductor material is more stable

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21
Q

How many protons, electrons, neutrons and shells does Silicon Have

A

14 Electrons, 14 Protons, 14 Neutrons, 3 Shells

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22
Q

How many protons, electrons, neutrons and shells does Germanium have

A

32 Electrons, 32 Protons, 41 Neutrons, 4 Shells

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23
Q

True or False?
Germanium is more stable than silicon

A

False (germanium valance shell is farther to the nucleus than the silicon valance shell)

24
Q

Which semi-conductor atom is physically larger? Silicon or Germanium?

A

Germanium atom

25
Q

When is an atom considered to be in the neutral state

A

When there are the same number of electrons and protons

26
Q

What is Covalent Bonding

A

when the electrons in the valance shell are shared between two or more atoms

27
Q

When many silicon atoms have combined through covalent bonding they form what?

A

silicon crystal

28
Q

What is doping

A

mixing of impurities(extrinsic material) with an intrinsic material

29
Q

Intrinsic material or a pure crystal is always in a ___ state

A

neutral

30
Q

conduction of a pure crystal is only affected by _____

A

heat or light energy (solar)

31
Q

impurities with 5 electrons are called _____

A

pentavalent

32
Q

having 5 impurities gives the doped crystal an overall ____ charge or _____ type material

A

negative , “N”

33
Q

impurities with 3 electrons are called _____

A

trivalent

34
Q

impurities with 3 electrons are ____ type material

A

“P”

35
Q

To obtain N-type semi conductor material silicon is doped with the following impurities

A

a. Phosphorous
b. Antimony
c. Arsenic

36
Q

What are the majority carries in N-type material

A

Electrons

37
Q

P-type material is doped with the following impurities

A

a. Aluminum
b. Gallium
c. Boron
d. Indium

38
Q

The majority carries in P-type semi-conductors are

A

Holes

39
Q

Current Flow is ___ to ____ charge

A

Negative, Positive

40
Q

Conventional Flow is _____ to ____ charge

A

Positive, Negative

41
Q

For an electron to flow it must have ______

A

have a hole to flow into

42
Q

if we only move one hole at a time the hole appears to be moving from _____ to _____ charge, therefore electrons are moving from negative to positive

A

Positive to Negative

43
Q

How are PN junctions formed

A

by fusing different impurities into the silicon crystal material

44
Q

The Diode - The P-type material is called the ___ and the N material is called the ____

A

Anode, Cathode

45
Q

What is the thin intrinsic layer between the P and N material called

A

Depletion Region

46
Q

What are the two types of Biasing

A

Forward and Reverse Biasing

47
Q

When junction diode is said to be forward biased when the anode is ____ with respect to the cathode and the Knee Voltage is ___ volts or greater for Silicon and ___ volts for Germanium

A

positive, 0.7(silicon), 0.3(germanium)

48
Q

Knee voltage is also known as

A

Cut-in voltage

49
Q

In Forward bias, the current flow is from ____ to ____

A

Cathode(negative) to Anode(positive)

50
Q

The current won’t flow when the positive terminal is connected to the ____ and the negative is connected to the ______

A

N-type material (negative), P-type material(positive)

51
Q

What is Knee Voltage?

A

voltage required to put diode into conduction

52
Q

What is Peak Inverse Voltage (P.I.V)

A

max voltage in reverse the diode can safely handle

53
Q

What is Voltage Break Down Reverse ( V.B.R)

A

the point at which the diode is destroyed

54
Q

What is Avalanche?

A

uncontrolled current that will destroy the diode

55
Q

(TESTING A DIODE) when you see _____ on both, the diode is open

A

infinity

56
Q

(TESTING A DIODE) when you see ____ on both, the diode is shorted

A

low ohms

Level 4 : Electronics (6 decks)

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