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OCR mod. 4 Organic Chemistry > The Basics > Flashcards

The Basics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different ways of representing organic compounds?

A

Types of formula:

  1. general formula
  2. empirical formula
  3. molecular formula
  4. structural formula
  5. skeletal formula
  6. displayed formula
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2
Q

General formula

  • What does it show you?
  • Formula for Butan-1-ol?
A
  • An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
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3
Q

Empirical formula

  • What does it show you?
  • Formula for Butan-1-ol?
A
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4
Q

Molecular formula

  • What does it show you?
  • Formula for Butan-1-ol?
A
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5
Q

Structural formula

  • What does it show you?
  • Formula for Butan-1-ol?
A
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6
Q

Displayed formula

  • What does it show you?
  • Formula for Butan-1-ol?
A
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7
Q

Skeletal formula

  • What does it show you?
  • Formula for Butan-1-ol?
A
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8
Q

What is a functional group?

A

a group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of that compounds.

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9
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

a homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula.

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10
Q

What is characteristic of a homologous series?

A

Consecutive members of a homologous series differ by _CH2-

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11
Q

What are alkanes?

A

straight chain molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

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12
Q

What is the general formula of the 17th member of the alkanes?

A

C17H(2x17)+2 =C17H36

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13
Q

Wha rae the prefixes or suffixes of the following homologous series?

A
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14
Q

What are the different types of carbon skeleton?

A
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15
Q

What is it called if an aliphatic compound contains a ring?

A

I an aliphatic compound contains a (non-aromatic) ring, then it is called alicyclic.

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16
Q

What are the two differnt types of organic compound?

A

Saturated - contains only C-C single bonds

Unsaturated - can contain C=C, (carbon-carbon double bonds), triple bonds or aromatic groups.

17
Q

What is an alkyl group?

A

A fragment of a molecule with with a general formula CnH2n+1

18
Q

What is an alkyl group?

A
19
Q

What is meant by the term nomenclature?

A

Nomenclature is the naming of organic compounds.

20
Q

What are the rules of nomenclature?

A
21
Q

e.g. of nomenclature CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH2CH3)C(CH3)2OH

A
22
Q

What are isomers?

What are the 2 types of isomers?

A
  • molecules with the same molecular formula but with a diff. arrangement of atoms.
  • types:
    1. structural isomers - although the molecular is the same the structura formula (the way the atoms are arranged) is different.
    2. stereoisomers
23
Q

What are the structural arrangements of structural isomers?

A
  1. chain isomers
  2. postional isomers
  3. functional group isomers
24
Q

What do you need to remember about chain isomers?

A
25
Q

What do you need to remeber about positional isomers?

A
26
Q

What do you need to remember about functional group isomers?

A
27
Q

Why do you get molecules that that look like isomeers that aren’t?
e.g.?

A
  • Atoms can rotate as much as they like around singleC-C bonds.
  • Remember this when you work out structral isomers - sometimes what looks like an isomer, isn’t.

OCR mod. 4 Organic Chemistry (7 decks)

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