The Basics Flashcards
What are the different ways of representing organic compounds?
Types of formula:
- general formula
- empirical formula
- molecular formula
- structural formula
- skeletal formula
- displayed formula
General formula
- What does it show you?
- Formula for Butan-1-ol?
- An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
Empirical formula
- What does it show you?
- Formula for Butan-1-ol?
Molecular formula
- What does it show you?
- Formula for Butan-1-ol?
Structural formula
- What does it show you?
- Formula for Butan-1-ol?
Displayed formula
- What does it show you?
- Formula for Butan-1-ol?
Skeletal formula
- What does it show you?
- Formula for Butan-1-ol?
What is a functional group?
a group of atoms in a molecule responsible for the characteristic reactions of that compounds.
What is a homologous series?
a homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group and general formula.
What is characteristic of a homologous series?
Consecutive members of a homologous series differ by _CH2-
What are alkanes?
straight chain molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
What is the general formula of the 17th member of the alkanes?
C17H(2x17)+2 =C17H36
Wha rae the prefixes or suffixes of the following homologous series?
What are the different types of carbon skeleton?
What is it called if an aliphatic compound contains a ring?
I an aliphatic compound contains a (non-aromatic) ring, then it is called alicyclic.
What are the two differnt types of organic compound?
Saturated - contains only C-C single bonds
Unsaturated - can contain C=C, (carbon-carbon double bonds), triple bonds or aromatic groups.
What is an alkyl group?
A fragment of a molecule with with a general formula CnH2n+1
What is an alkyl group?
What is meant by the term nomenclature?
Nomenclature is the naming of organic compounds.
What are the rules of nomenclature?
e.g. of nomenclature CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH2CH3)C(CH3)2OH
What are isomers?
What are the 2 types of isomers?
- molecules with the same molecular formula but with a diff. arrangement of atoms.
- types:
1. structural isomers - although the molecular is the same the structura formula (the way the atoms are arranged) is different.
2. stereoisomers
What are the structural arrangements of structural isomers?
- chain isomers
- postional isomers
- functional group isomers
What do you need to remember about chain isomers?
What do you need to remeber about positional isomers?
What do you need to remember about functional group isomers?
Why do you get molecules that that look like isomeers that aren’t?
e.g.?
- Atoms can rotate as much as they like around singleC-C bonds.
- Remember this when you work out structral isomers - sometimes what looks like an isomer, isn’t.
