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The Basic Structure of DNA > The basic structure of DNA > Flashcards

The basic structure of DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the genetic chemical found in chromosomes called? Give the short version as well.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA

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2
Q

How many chromosomes?
Your somatic cells
Your sex cells
Dog somatic cells
Rabbit somatic cells
Mouse somatic cells

A

46
23
78
44
40

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3
Q

What is the only molecule in the world capable of duplicating itself?

A

DNA

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4
Q

What 3 things are found in all living things?

A

Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogen bases

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5
Q

How many nitrogen bases are there?

A

Four

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6
Q

How many base pairs and genes are found on your chromosomes?

A

Approximately 3 billion base pairs and 100k genes in our chromosomes

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7
Q

How can protein be altered?

A

If disruption happens in the amino acids

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8
Q

Name two types of nucleic acid

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Ribonucleic acid

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9
Q

What are the 2 functions of RNA?

A

Carrying info from DNA in the nucleus to organelles in the cytoplasm
Directing the joining of amino acids in the cytoplasm to make cellular proteins

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10
Q

Function of nucleic acids

A

To carry genetic information and create genetic material

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11
Q

Name as many amino acids as you can

A

Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Proline, Serine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine, & Valine

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12
Q

What are genes?

A

The unit of heredity in the chromosome

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13
Q

Is the DNA of anybody the same?

A

No humans have identical DNA unless you are a identical twin

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14
Q

What are mutations?

A

When the DNA within a chromosome is altered, which typically change the appearance of the organism

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15
Q

What are chromosomes and where are they found?

A

Chromosomes are long threads of genetic material found in the nucleus of cells

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16
Q

How many different amino acids are there?

A

20 different amino acids

17
Q

How can new proteins be formed?

A

From the joining of amino acids

18
Q

What is the basic unit of a nucleic acid? What are these composed of?

A

The basic unit of a nucleic acid is a nucleotide
Composed of a ribose sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

19
Q

Who were the first scientists to discover DNA?

A

James Watson
Francis Crick

20
Q

Who were the first scientists to discover DNA?

A

James Watson
Francis Crick

21
Q

Name 4 nitrogen bases

A

Thymine
Cytosine
Adenine
Guanine

22
Q

When was the model of DNA confirmed?

A

1969

23
Q

If you uncoiled your DNA how long would it stretch?

A

To the sun and back 3000 times

24
Q

Who won the Nobel prize in 1962? Why?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick
For physiology/medicine

25
Q

What are complementary pairs?

A

Matching nitrogen bases in the DNA molecule

26
Q

What are the two nitrogen pairs? HINT!!!!! George the Cat

A

G & C
A & T

The Basic Structure of DNA (1 decks)

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