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Arbonne - Nutrition > The Basic Science of Nutrition > Flashcards

The Basic Science of Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

P142

Vitamin A supports…

A

…the maintenance of normal skin, vision, immune system and mucus membranes.

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2
Q

P142

Vitamin B12 supports…

A

…normal energy yielding metabolism, and normal function of the nervous system and immune system; supports red blood cell formation, and normal psychological function.

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3
Q

P142

Vitamin C supports…

A

…normal collagen formation, and normal function of the blood vessels, bones, gums, skin and teeth; supports the normal function of the immune system, nervous system and psychological function.

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4
Q

P142

Vitamin D supports…

A

…the normal absorption/utilisation of calcium and phosphorus and normal blood calcium levels; supports normal function of the immune system, teeth, muscle function and bones.

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5
Q

P142

Vitamin E supports…

A

…the protection of cells from oxidative stress.

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6
Q

P142

Vitamin B6 supports…

A

…nervous system function, immune function, and red blood cell formation; supports normal protein, glycogen and homocysteine metabolism; and hormonal activity.

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7
Q

P142

The vitamin Riboflavin supports…

A

…maintenance of normal skin, red blood cells, vision, and nervous system function; supports energy yielding metabolism and protection of cells from oxidative stress.

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8
Q

P142

The Vitamin Folic Acid supports…

A

…normal amino acid synthesis, blood formation, immune function and cell function; supports maternal tissue growth during pregnancy and normal homocysteine metabolism.

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9
Q

P142

The mineral Calcium…

A

…supports normal muscle function, neurotransmission and function of digestive enzymes; needed for the maintenance of normal teeth and bones, and contributes to normal blood clotting.

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10
Q

P142

The mineral Chromium…

A

…supports normal macronutrient metabolism and the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels.

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11
Q

P142

The mineral Copper…

A

…supports normal iron transport in the body, hair pigmentation and maintenance of normal connective tissues; supports normal skin pigmentation, immune function and protection of cells from oxidative stress.

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12
Q

P142

The mineral Magnesium..

A

…supports normal protein synthesis, electrolyte balance, muscle function and nervous system function; supports the maintenance of normal bones and teeth and plays a role in the process of cell division.

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13
Q

P142

The mineral Phosphorus…

A

…supports normal function of cell membranes and maintenance of normal bones and teeth.

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14
Q

P142

The mineral Selenium…

A

…supports normal thyroid function, immune function, and maintenance of normal hair and nails.

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15
Q

P142

The mineral Zinc…

A

…supports normal carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, DNA synthesis and hormone metabolism; supports normal cognitive function, the reproductive system, macronutrient metabolism and immune function.

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16
Q

P142

Free radicals are…

A

…oxygen molecules that are missing an electron, which has made them unstable.

These unstable molecules are searching for another electron to stabilise them.

By taking an electron from other molecules, it can cause varying degrees of damage to cells, which may even lead to oxidation and ageing.

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17
Q

P142

Antioxidants function by…

A

…preventing oxidation of our body’s proteins and fats from free radicals.

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18
Q

P142

Oxidation is…

A

…the loss of electrons.

Free radicals damage cells by taking electrons, and are therefore an oxidising agent.

Antioxidants provide electrons to stabilise free radicals, preventing them from damaging your body’s cells.

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19
Q

P142

The enzyme Lipase breaks down…

A

Lipids (fats).

20
Q

P142

The enzyme lactase breaks down…

A

Lactose.

21
Q

P142

The enzyme Protease breaks down…

A

Protein.

22
Q

P142

The enzyme Amylase breaks down…

A

Starch and sugars.

23
Q

P142

The enzyme Alpha-Galactosidase breaks down…

A

Sugars.

24
Q

P142

The enzyme Peptidase breaks down…

A

Protein.

25
Q

P142

The enzyme Invertase breaks down…

A

Sugars.

26
Q

P142

Sugars are broken down by the enzymes…

A

Amylase, Alpha-Galactosidase and Invertase.

27
Q

P142

Proteins are broken down by the enzymes…

A

Protease and Peptidase.

28
Q

P142

Starch is broken down by the enzyme…

A

Amylase.

29
Q

P142

Lactose is broken down by the enzyme…

A

Lactase.

30
Q

P142

Lipids (fats) are broken down by the enzyme…

A

Lipase.

31
Q

P142

Prebiotics are…

A

…soluble fibres that ferment in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and create an ideal environment for probiotics to colonise and grow.

32
Q

P142

Probiotics are…

A

…beneficial microflora (good bacteria) found in the GI system of all humans that help keep “bad” bacteria in check and also assist with the normal function of the GI system.

33
Q

P142

Populations of beneficial intestinal bacteria may be reduced by…

A

…poor diet, environmental pollution, and antibiotic medications.

34
Q

P142

Uncomfortable side effects like gas, indigestion and diarrhoea can be signs of…

A

…microfloral imbalance in the GI system.

35
Q

P142

Enzymes are…

A

…specialised proteins and help the body break down dietary nutrients like protein, sugars, carbohydrates, starch, lactose, and others, so they can be properly utilised by the body.

36
Q

P142

Omega-3 fatty acids are…

A

…polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for the optimal biological function of the body.

37
Q

P142

An essential nutrient is one that…

A

…can not be made by the body and must be obtained through the diet.

38
Q

P142

While marine animal sources like fish and now krill are the most common sources of omega-3 fatty acids, there have been concerns regarding the possibility of environmental contaminants in marine based oils, and even the environmental impacts of harvesting these sources of oils. However, recent advancements in science and manufacturing processes have made it possible to extract…

A

…alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosa- hexaenoic acid (DHA), and even eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) from plant and algae sources, giving consumers the option to choose safer, more environmentally friendly alternatives.

39
Q

P142

Omega-3 fatty acids are important for the maintenance of good health, as well as contributing to the normal function of the…

A

…heart and brain.

40
Q

P142

Fibre is…

A

…non-digestible carbohydrates and lignin found in plants and includes both insoluble and soluble types.

41
Q

P142

Fibre helps support normal GI health, satiety, and cardiovascular health, so it’s important to get at least the recommended daily value of…

A

…25 grammes of fibre every day.

42
Q

P142

Fibre helps support…

A

…normal GI health, satiety, and cardiovascular health.

43
Q

P142

Pea protein is a source of all nine essential amino acids, including the three BCAAs (branch chain amino acids) which are…

A

Leucine, valine and isoleucine.

44
Q

P142

There are nine essential amino acids (essential means that they cannot be synthesised by the human body and must be supplied by diet). They are…

A

…phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine*, lysine, and histidine.

*BCAAs

45
Q

P142

There are thirteen non-essential amino acids (non-essential means that they can be synthesised by the human body). They are…

A

Alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, tyrosine, asparagine, selenocysteine and pyrrolysine**.

*These are considered to be conditionally non-essential, which means that they can be essential in certain extreme cases, such as premature birth.

**This “22nd amino acid” isn’t used by the human body.

Arbonne - Nutrition (1 decks)

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