The Bacteria I Flashcards
1
Q
Bacteriophage
A
- Bacterial virus that results in death of bacteria.
- Incorporates DNA into bacterial genome
2
Q
Flagella
A
- Long, helical structures extending from bacteria that allow bacteria to move in environment.
- Built by highly antigenic proteins
3
Q
Pili
A
- More rigid extensions from bacteria
- Involved in attachment to host cells or other bacteria
4
Q
Gram Stain
A
- Method to differentiate between bacteria on the basis of the thickness of their cells walls
- Usually the first test done for identification
5
Q
Gram Stain Procedure
A
- Fixation
- Crystal Violet
- Iodine (cross link crystal violet so it gets stuck in G+ bacteria)
- Decolorization (crystal violet washed out from G- bacteria)
- Safranin (stains G- bacteria)
6
Q
Endospores
A
- Some bacteria can form endospores in response to environmental stressors
- Allows them to survive for many years without actively growing
- Highly resistant to disinfection and killing by other methods
- Abundant in soils
- eg. Clostridial species, Bacillus anthracis
7
Q
Bacterial growth and division
A
-Depends on nutritional status in environment and type of bacteria
8
Q
Bacterial Growth Curve Phases
A
- Lag Phase
- Exponential (Logarithmic) Phase
- Stationary Phase
- Death Phase
9
Q
Staphylococcus aureus
A
- G+
- Aerobic
- Catalase +
- Cocci in clusters
- P: TSST, Enterotoxin
- CS: SSTI, Necrotizing fasciitis, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis
10
Q
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus
A
- eg. S. epidermidis
- G+
- Aerobic
- Catalase +
- Cocci in clusters
- P: Biofilm production
- CS: Nosocomial blood stream infections, prosthetic material infections
11
Q
Group A Streptococcus
A
- eg. S. pyogenes
- G+
- Aerobic
- Cocci in pairs/chains
- Catalase -
- Beta hemolytic
- P: Streptolysin O&S
- CS: Pharyngitis, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Rheumatic Fever
12
Q
Group B Streptococcus
A
- eg. S. agalactiae
- G+
- Aerobic
- cocci in chains/pairs
- Catalase -
- beta hemolytic
- P: polysaccharide capsule
- CS: neonatal diseases (meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia)
13
Q
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A
- G+
- Aerobic
- Catalase -
- alpha hemolytic
- cocci in pairs/chains
- P: polysaccharide capsule
- CS: CAP, otitis media, conjunctivitis, meningitis
14
Q
Strep mitis
A
- G+
- Aerobic
- cocci in pairs/chains
- alpha hemolytic
- catalase -
- P: polysaccharide capsule
- CS: Bacteremia, endocarditis
15
Q
Enterococci
A
- G+
- Aerobic
- cocci in pairs/chains
- non hemolytic
- catalase -
- P: surface adhesins
- CS: nosocomial VRE, UTI’s, endocarditis
16
Q
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A
- G+
- non-branching rods
- Aerobic
- Catalase +
- P: diphtheria toxin
- CS: pharyngeal diphtheria
17
Q
Corynebacterium jeikeium
A
- G+
- Aerobic
- non branching bacilli
- Catalase +
- CS: foreign body ix’s
18
Q
Listeria monocytogenes
A
- G+
- Aerobic
- bacilli
- motile
- Catalase +
- P: hemolysin
- CS: gastroenteritis, meningitis, stillbirth and preterm labor in pregnancy
19
Q
Peptostreptococcus
A
-G+
-Anaerobic
-elongated cocci
CS: pelvic ix’s, cutaneous, respiratory ix’s
20
Q
Actinomyces israelii
A
- G+
- Anaerobic
- Bacilli
- CS: Oral/cervicofacial ix’s, pelvic ix’s
21
Q
Clostridium tetani
A
- G+
- Anaerobic
- Bacilli
- Sporulating
- P: Tetanus toxin
- CS: Tetanus
22
Q
Clostridium perfringens
A
- G+
- Anaerobic
- Bacilli
- Sporulating
- P: alpha toxin, enterotoxin
- CS: Gas gangrene, acute necrotizing GI ix
23
Q
Clostridium botulinum
A
- G+
- Anaerobic
- Sporulating
- Bacilli
- P: Botox toxin
- CS: Botulism (flaccid paralysis)
24
Q
Clostridium difficile
A
- G+
- Anaerobic
- Bacilli
- Sporulating
- P: Toxin A&B
- CS: abx associated diarrhea
25
Q
Enterobacteriaeceae
A
- G-
- Aerobic
- Fermenters
- Oxidase -
- Bacilli
26
Q
Escherichia coli
A
- G-
- Aerobic
- Fermenter
- Bacilli
- Oxidase -
- P: Exotoxin, endotoxin, capsule, pili
- CS: Meningitis in newborns, UTI’s, GI ix’s
27
Q
Enterobacter spp.
A
- G-
- Bacilli
- Aerobic
- Fermenter
- Oxidase -
- P: exotoxin, endotoxin, capsule
- CS: UTI, nosocomial ix’s, blood ix’s
28
Q
Salmonella spp.
A
- G-
- Aerobic
- Bacilli
- Fermenter
- Oxidase -
- P: adhesion, survival in phagocytes, dissemination
- CS: GI ix, bacteremia
29
Q
Proteus spp.
A
- G-
- Aerobic
- Bacilli
- Fermenter
- Oxidase -
- P: endotoxin, exotoxin, adhesion, capsule
- CS: nosocomial, blood ix’s, UTI’s
30
Q
Vibrio cholerae
A
- G-
- Aerobic
- Fermenters
- Oxidase +
- Bacilli
- P: Somatic O antigens, exotoxins
- CS: GI cholera
31
Q
Moraxella catarrhalis
A
G- Aerobic Diplococci Non-fermenters Oxidase + CS: CAP
32
Q
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
G- Aerobic Bacilli Non-fermenters Oxidase + Metallic sheen, grape-like odor P: Exotoxin, endotoxin CS: Otitis externa, ventilator acquired pneumonia, pneumonia in CF patients, UTI
33
Q
Haemophilus influenzae
A
G- Fastidious Coccobacilli/short rods Oxidase + P: capsule CS: Otitis media, epiglottitis, conjunctivitis, meningitis, pneumonia
34
Q
Neisseria meningitidis
A
G- Fastidious Diplococci Oxidase + P: capsule, outer membrane protein CS: meningitis
35
Q
Neisseria gonorrhea
A
G- Fastidious Diplococci Oxidase + P: capsule, pili, adhesion CS: UTI, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis
36
Q
Bacteroides fragilis
A
G- Anaerobic Bacilli P: capsule, endotoxin CS: aspiration pneumonia, abscesses throughout body, bacteremia
