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Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology > The Bacteria I > Flashcards

The Bacteria I Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bacteriophage

A
  • Bacterial virus that results in death of bacteria.

- Incorporates DNA into bacterial genome

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2
Q

Flagella

A
  • Long, helical structures extending from bacteria that allow bacteria to move in environment.
  • Built by highly antigenic proteins
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3
Q

Pili

A
  • More rigid extensions from bacteria

- Involved in attachment to host cells or other bacteria

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4
Q

Gram Stain

A
  • Method to differentiate between bacteria on the basis of the thickness of their cells walls
  • Usually the first test done for identification
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5
Q

Gram Stain Procedure

A
  1. Fixation
  2. Crystal Violet
  3. Iodine (cross link crystal violet so it gets stuck in G+ bacteria)
  4. Decolorization (crystal violet washed out from G- bacteria)
  5. Safranin (stains G- bacteria)
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6
Q

Endospores

A
  • Some bacteria can form endospores in response to environmental stressors
  • Allows them to survive for many years without actively growing
  • Highly resistant to disinfection and killing by other methods
  • Abundant in soils
  • eg. Clostridial species, Bacillus anthracis
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7
Q

Bacterial growth and division

A

-Depends on nutritional status in environment and type of bacteria

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8
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve Phases

A
  1. Lag Phase
  2. Exponential (Logarithmic) Phase
  3. Stationary Phase
  4. Death Phase
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9
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • Catalase +
  • Cocci in clusters
  • P: TSST, Enterotoxin
  • CS: SSTI, Necrotizing fasciitis, Endocarditis, Osteomyelitis
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10
Q

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus

A
  • eg. S. epidermidis
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • Catalase +
  • Cocci in clusters
  • P: Biofilm production
  • CS: Nosocomial blood stream infections, prosthetic material infections
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11
Q

Group A Streptococcus

A
  • eg. S. pyogenes
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • Cocci in pairs/chains
  • Catalase -
  • Beta hemolytic
  • P: Streptolysin O&S
  • CS: Pharyngitis, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Rheumatic Fever
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12
Q

Group B Streptococcus

A
  • eg. S. agalactiae
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • cocci in chains/pairs
  • Catalase -
  • beta hemolytic
  • P: polysaccharide capsule
  • CS: neonatal diseases (meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia)
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13
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • Catalase -
  • alpha hemolytic
  • cocci in pairs/chains
  • P: polysaccharide capsule
  • CS: CAP, otitis media, conjunctivitis, meningitis
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14
Q

Strep mitis

A
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • cocci in pairs/chains
  • alpha hemolytic
  • catalase -
  • P: polysaccharide capsule
  • CS: Bacteremia, endocarditis
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15
Q

Enterococci

A
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • cocci in pairs/chains
  • non hemolytic
  • catalase -
  • P: surface adhesins
  • CS: nosocomial VRE, UTI’s, endocarditis
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16
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A
  • G+
  • non-branching rods
  • Aerobic
  • Catalase +
  • P: diphtheria toxin
  • CS: pharyngeal diphtheria
17
Q

Corynebacterium jeikeium

A
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • non branching bacilli
  • Catalase +
  • CS: foreign body ix’s
18
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A
  • G+
  • Aerobic
  • bacilli
  • motile
  • Catalase +
  • P: hemolysin
  • CS: gastroenteritis, meningitis, stillbirth and preterm labor in pregnancy
19
Q

Peptostreptococcus

A

-G+
-Anaerobic
-elongated cocci
CS: pelvic ix’s, cutaneous, respiratory ix’s

20
Q

Actinomyces israelii

A
  • G+
  • Anaerobic
  • Bacilli
  • CS: Oral/cervicofacial ix’s, pelvic ix’s
21
Q

Clostridium tetani

A
  • G+
  • Anaerobic
  • Bacilli
  • Sporulating
  • P: Tetanus toxin
  • CS: Tetanus
22
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A
  • G+
  • Anaerobic
  • Bacilli
  • Sporulating
  • P: alpha toxin, enterotoxin
  • CS: Gas gangrene, acute necrotizing GI ix
23
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A
  • G+
  • Anaerobic
  • Sporulating
  • Bacilli
  • P: Botox toxin
  • CS: Botulism (flaccid paralysis)
24
Q

Clostridium difficile

A
  • G+
  • Anaerobic
  • Bacilli
  • Sporulating
  • P: Toxin A&B
  • CS: abx associated diarrhea
25
Q

Enterobacteriaeceae

A
  • G-
  • Aerobic
  • Fermenters
  • Oxidase -
  • Bacilli
26
Q

Escherichia coli

A
  • G-
  • Aerobic
  • Fermenter
  • Bacilli
  • Oxidase -
  • P: Exotoxin, endotoxin, capsule, pili
  • CS: Meningitis in newborns, UTI’s, GI ix’s
27
Q

Enterobacter spp.

A
  • G-
  • Bacilli
  • Aerobic
  • Fermenter
  • Oxidase -
  • P: exotoxin, endotoxin, capsule
  • CS: UTI, nosocomial ix’s, blood ix’s
28
Q

Salmonella spp.

A
  • G-
  • Aerobic
  • Bacilli
  • Fermenter
  • Oxidase -
  • P: adhesion, survival in phagocytes, dissemination
  • CS: GI ix, bacteremia
29
Q

Proteus spp.

A
  • G-
  • Aerobic
  • Bacilli
  • Fermenter
  • Oxidase -
  • P: endotoxin, exotoxin, adhesion, capsule
  • CS: nosocomial, blood ix’s, UTI’s
30
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A
  • G-
  • Aerobic
  • Fermenters
  • Oxidase +
  • Bacilli
  • P: Somatic O antigens, exotoxins
  • CS: GI cholera
31
Q

Moraxella catarrhalis

A 
G-
Aerobic
Diplococci
Non-fermenters
Oxidase +
CS: CAP
32
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A 
G-
Aerobic
Bacilli
Non-fermenters
Oxidase +
Metallic sheen, grape-like odor
P: Exotoxin, endotoxin
CS: Otitis externa, ventilator acquired pneumonia, pneumonia in CF patients, UTI
33
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A 
G-
Fastidious
Coccobacilli/short rods
Oxidase +
P: capsule
CS: Otitis media, epiglottitis, conjunctivitis, meningitis, pneumonia
34
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A 
G-
Fastidious
Diplococci
Oxidase +
P: capsule, outer membrane protein
CS: meningitis
35
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A 
G-
Fastidious
Diplococci
Oxidase +
P: capsule, pili, adhesion
CS: UTI, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis
36
Q

Bacteroides fragilis

A 
G-
Anaerobic
Bacilli
P: capsule, endotoxin
CS: aspiration pneumonia, abscesses throughout body, bacteremia

Infectious Disease and Medical Microbiology (11 decks)

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