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History - Conflict and Tension in Asia > The background to the Vietnam War > Flashcards

The background to the Vietnam War Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the French colony that Vietnam was part of before the outbreak of WWII?

A

Indochina

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2
Q

Who occupied Vietnam during WWII?

A

Japan

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3
Q

What was the name of the anti-Japanese resistance movement which emerged during WWII?

A

Viet Minh

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4
Q

Who was the leader of the Viet Minh?

A

Ho Chi Minh

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5
Q

What area of Vietnam did the Viet Minh control by 1945?

A

North

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6
Q

Who was fighting in Vietnam between 1945 and 1954?

A

France

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7
Q

Between 1945 and 1954, how much financial aid did America send to support the French war effort?

A

$500 million each year, approximately 80% of the cost

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8
Q

Who supported the Viet Minh?

A

China

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9
Q

After the French pulled out of Vietnam in 1954, what was decided would happen to the country?

A

Geneva Conference, 1954.

1) Vietnam to be split into North and South at the 17th parallel
2) Elections were to be held in 1956 with the aim of creating a unified government; (this never happens)
3) A Communist government under Viet Minh leader Ho Chi Minh will control the North and a nationalist one in the South under Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem

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10
Q

Who was appointed leader of South Vietnam?

A

Ngo Dinh Diem

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11
Q

Which two groups opposed the leader of South Vietnam?

A

Buddhists and Peasants

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12
Q

By 1963, how much of the South Vietnamese countryside did the Vietcong rule over?

A

40%

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13
Q

What year was the battle at Dien Bien Phu?

A

1954

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14
Q

Who was fighting at Dien Bien Phu?

A

Viet Minh (North) and France

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15
Q

Who were the Viet Cong?

A

Communist guerrillas supplied and supported by North Vietnam

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16
Q

Who was the American President between 1953-1961?

A

Eisenhower

17
Q

Why did Eisenhower prevent elections from taking place in South Vietnam?

A

Feared that the Communists would win

18
Q

Who was American President between 1961-1963?

A

Kennedy

19
Q

Kennedy increased the number of military advisors in South Vietnam. Approximately how many were there by 1961?

A

11,000

20
Q

When was Diem assassinated?

A

1963

21
Q

Who replaced Diem?

A

Anti-communist generals

22
Q

Who became the American President after Kennedy’s assassination?

A

Johnson 1963-1969

23
Q

What was the Tonkin Gulf Resolution 1964?

A

North Vietnamese boats opened fire on US ship Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin (North Vietnam) It gave Johnson power to take further steps to prevent further aggression and achieve peace and security.

24
Q

Why can we argue that the Tonkin Gulf Resolution was a turning point in America’s involvement in Vietnam?

A

Prior to this, America had not declared war on Vietnam. It had only assisted the French and the South with equipment, military advisors and financial support.

25
Q

What is the Domino theory?

A

The belief that if Vietnam became Communist, other countries in Asia would fall to communism. (Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Burma, India and Japan)

26
Q

What does containment mean?

A

To stop the advance of communism

27
Q

What was the Red Scare?

A

Anti-communist feeling in USA, fuelled by Senator Joe McCarthy who claimed there were communists working in American government departments

28
Q

Why did all Presidents take a hard stand on communism?

A

To appeal to voters

29
Q

What happened at Dien Bien Phu in 1954?

A

After 55 days of war between the Viet Minh and the French, the French were defeated and it signalled the end of French involvement in Indochina.

30
Q

Why were the French defeated at Dien Bien Phu?

A

The French did not have easy access to supplies, surrounded by jungle inhabited by Viet Minh who knew the land well and fought using guerrilla warfare.

History - Conflict and Tension in Asia (2 decks)

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