The Back Flashcards

1
Q

normal posture depends on?

A

balance of forces between back and abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hyperlordosis

A

more pronounced lumbar lordosis

Abnormally strong hip flexors (iliopsoas/psoas major) or puny hamstrings will result in an anterior pelvic tilt (butt sticks out)

lordosis = concave posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hypolordosis

A

less pronounced lumbar lordosis

Overdeveloped hamstrings can tilt the pelvis posteriorly resulting in “flatback”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hyperkyphosis

A

More pronounced thoracic kyphosis
Two potential causes:

  1. congenital: vertebrae fuse together in development instead of segmenting. Or can result if vertebrae succeed in segmenting but fail to develop into the correct shape.
  2. “Dowager’s Hump”: Anterior portions of vertebrae can erode over time becoming wedge shaped. Results in the affected individual becoming increasingly stooped. Preferentially affects women.

kyphosis = concave anteriorly (the spine’s “natural” curve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral bending of the spine (concave lateral bend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

kyphoscoliosis

A

The so-called “killer combo”* of scoliosis AND kyphosis. Spine is bent concave laterally and displays a more pronounced thoracic kyphosis.

Can be especially bad because the ribs tend to be scrunched together on one side of the body but spread apart on the other, which can make breathing using the intercostal muscles more difficult.

*not really called the “killer combo”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spina bifida

A

incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spina bifida: types

A
  1. spina bifida occulta
  2. spina bifida cystica with meningocele
  3. spina bifida cystica with myelomeningocele

*spina bifida is the only time that being in a cult is good

**As the names get longer the outlook gets worse

cystica from the Greek “kystis” meaning “pouch”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

split in the vertebrae is so small that neither the spinal cord nor the meninges escapes out of the vertebral canal

No cyst present on the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

spina bifida cystica with meningocele

A

Cyst present on the back

Spinal cord remains within vertebral canal but the meninges (the cord’s surrounding membrane) does escape into the cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

spina bifida cystica with myelomeningocele

A

Cyst present on the back

Both meninges AND spinal cord tissue escape into cyst.

To remember “myelomeningocele”= myelin in the cele

the suffic -“cele” means “related to a hernia or swelling”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

anterior slippage of a vertebra relative to its inferior partner.

spondylo meaning spine

listhesis meaning slippage

tons of things can cause this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

spondylolysis

A

one particular cause of spondylolisthesis.

A fracture of the pars interarticularis

(the region located between the inferior and superior articular processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

“scottie-dog sign”

A

On x-ray you can see what looks like a scottish terrier.

If its neck is severed from its body, suspect a fractured pars interarticularis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ankylosing spondilitis

A

chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease affecting the joints of the spine.

can eventually cause the spine to fuse

17
Q

“bamboo spine”

A

Another x-ray sign.

In this case, individuals with fused vertebrae due to Ank Spon will produce x-rays which have a bamboo-like appearance.

18
Q

pott’s disease

A

Caused when Tb spreads hematogenously (word?) to the spine.

Can cause a psoas abscess (Tb granuloma under the fascial sheath of the psoas major muscle)