THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- WHAT DOES IT CARRY
- WHAT IS IT COMPOSED OF
- motor, sensory, &/or autonomic signals btw the CNS & body
- cranial nervesspinal nervessplanchnic nerves
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
- WHAT ARE THE 2 SYSTEMS W/IN THIS SYSTEM
- WHAT DO EACH INNERVATES
- WHAT ARE THE 2 DIVISIONS OF EACH
- DESCRIBE THOSE DIVISIONS
- Somatic nervous systemVisceral nervous sytem
- structures of body wallinternal organs, smooth muscle, & sweat glands
- somatomotor & somatosensoryvisceromotor (ANS) & viscerosensory
- a. voluntary & reflex contraction of skeletal muscle
a. sensory innervation of skin, muscle, & joints
b. involuntary contraction of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands
b. modulates blood pressure & chemistry, resp, ect.
WHAT DOES ANS DO (4) ?
- HOMEOSTASIS: maintains homeostasis by regulating bodily functions & responses not under voluntary or cognitive control
- CARDIAC & SMOOTH MUSCLE & EXOCRINE GLAND activity regulation
- HYPOTHALAMUS & CORTEX - higher centers here regulate the ANS
- ANS activity is wholly dependent on sensory information provided by internal orgas (viscera), blood vessels & special sensory systems (sight, sound, smell, etc)
WHAT ARE THE 2 INVOLUNTARY FUNCTIONS CARRIED OUT BY THE ANS
WHAT 2 ANATOMICALLY DISTINCT SUBDIVISIONS OF THE ANS REGULATE THE 2 FUNCTIONS
- Responding to emergencies: “fight or flight”Replenshing reserves: “rest & digest”
- Sympathetic subdivisionParasympathetic subdivision
Both maintain homeosatis = internal balance/equilibrium
DESCRIBE THE 2 NEURON ORGANIZATION OF THE SYMPATHETIC SYSTEM AND THE PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM
DO BOTH SYSTEMS INNERVATE COMMON ORGANS?
1a. Sympathetic
SHORT preganglionic axons
LONG postganglionic axons
1b. Parasympathetic
LONG preganglionic axons
SHORT postganglionic axons
- YES, but they have opposite functional effects to balance each other out
EXAMPLES OF ORGANS INNERVATED BY BOTH (3) & EFFECT
ORGANS INNERVATED BY JUST SYMPATHETIC (3) & EFFECT
1a. CARDIAC MUSCLE: S-speed up HR, P-slow down HR
b. BRONCHUS: S-dilates, P-constrict
c. COLON: S-inhibitory, P-excitatory
2a. MUSCLE ARTERY: S-dilates
b. SKIN ARTERY: S-constricts
c. SWEAT GLAND: S-secretion
PRIMARY NEUROTRANSMITTER OF POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS FOR BOTH SYMPATHETIC & PARASYMPATHETIC
RECEPTORS ON TARGETS OF POSTGANGLIONIC NEURONS FOR BOTH SYMPATHETIC & PARASYMPATHETIC
1a. Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
Acetylcholine (sweat glands)\*\*\*\*
1b. Acetylcholein (cholinergic)
2a. Adrenergic receptors
Muscarinic receptors (sweat gland) \*\*
2b. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors
(M1, M2, & M3 subtypes)
differences btw adrengeric & cholinergic
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-adrenergic-and-cholinergic/
SYMPATHETIC
WHERE TO ALL SYMPATHETIC PREGANGLIONIC CELL BODIES ARISE
in spinal cord segments
T1 to L2
3 PARTS OF THORACIC SPINAL CORD
WHAT 2 THINGS DIFFERENTIATES THORACIC SPINAL CORD SEGMENT FROM CERVICAL OR LUMBAR
1a. dorsal horn
b. lateral or intermediate horn - pregang cell body
c. ventral horn
2a. lateral horn
b. small ventral horns - responsible for very few muscles
SYMPATHETIC
WHERE TO PREGANGLIONIC AXONS SYNAPSE W/ POSTGANGLIONIC CELLBODIES
WHERE DO YOU FIND AXONS FROM POSTGANGLIONIC CELLS
DEFINE GANGLION
- sympathetic trunk just outside spinal cord
- target tissue
- collection of neurons - where preganlionic axons meets postganglionic cell bodies
SYMPATHETIC
PATHWAY OF NEURON STARTING FROM GRAY MATER TO RAMUS (9)
- lateral horn
- ventral horn
- ventral root
- spinal nerve
- small part of ventral ramus
- white ramus
- sympathetic trunk - synapse
- gray ramus
- thru spinal nerve to dorsal ramus &
thru spinal nerve to ventral ramus
SYMPATHETIC
WHERE DO THE NEURONS GO
EVERYWHERE:
- BODY WALL
- VISCERA
PARASYMPATHETIC
WHERE DO ALL PREGANGLIONIC CELL BODIES ARISE (2)
- BRAINSTEM
- SACRAL SEGMENTS S2-S4
PARASYMPATHETIC
WHERE DO THE PREGANGLIONIC AXONS START & WHERE END
- LATERAL HORN
- GANGLIA EMBEDDED IN ORGAN WALL
PARASYMPATHETIC
WHERE TO DO NEURONS GO
ONLY TO VISCERA
PARASYMPATHETIC
WHERE SPECIFICALLY ARE THE PRE CELL BODIES OF THE 4 SPECIFIC CRANIAL NERVES (which ones) AND SACRAL SEGMENTS S2-S4 LOCATED
WHERE SPECIFICALLY ARE THE POST CELL BODIES OF THE 3 SPECIFIC CN (which ones)
WHERE SPECIFICALLY ARE THE POST CELL BODIES OF THE 1 SPECIFIC CN & SACRAL NEURONS
- SUBNUCLEI of CN III, VII, IX, X & sacral spinal cord segements S2-S4.
- CN III, VII, IX in identifiable ganglia close to but not embedded in target tissue (face)
- CN X & sacral are embedded in target tissue
(thoracic viscera & abd / pelvic viscera
PARASYMPATHETIC
VAGUS NERVE
- WHAT PROVIDE INNERVATION TO
- WHERE ARE PRE CELL BODIES
- WHERE TO PRE AXON FIBERS GO
- all organs & glands except those in head
- dorsal motor nucleus/nuc. ambiguos in brainstem
- close to target
PARASYMPATHETIC
WHERE DO CN III, VII, IX GO (1 ORGAN 4 GLANDS)
EYE
LACRIMAL GLAD
SUBMAXILLARY GLAND
SUBLINGUAL GLAND
PAROTID GLAND
ANS REGULATION
PARTS OF CORTEX/LIMBIC SYSTEM TO HYPOTHALAMUS
& FUNCTION OF EACH (5)
- NEOCORTEX: provides cognitive/sensory input to..
- SEPTAL NUCLEI / AMYGDALA / HIPPOCAMPUS: links cognitive info with emotion & memory & communicates this with 2 parts
3a. HYPOTHALAMUS: integrates this input with the ANS & endocrine function for ….
3b. NEOCORTEX: integrates input & causes motor activity for… - ANS RESPONSES (SURVIVIAL): individual (behavior, fight or flight, homeostasis
CNS REGULATION OF THE ANS
What organ is the “MASTER CONTROLLER”
WHAT TYPES OF INPUT (4) DOES IT RECEIVE
FROM WHERE DOES IT RECEIVE THIS INFO (2)
WHERE DOES IT SEND NEURAL SIGNALS & FOR WHAT PURPOSE
- Hypothalamus
- regarding homeostatus: body temp, BP, fluid & lytes balance, body weight
- brainstem regulatory centerssensory stimuli from cortex and limbic system
- ANS to coordinate the activity of parasympathetic & sympathetic nervous system
CNS REGULATION OF THE ANS
HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OCCURS VIA…..FROM….TO….IN….
WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE TRACTS
descending fibers tracts
hypothalamic nuclei
brainstem regulatory centers
reticular formation
- medial forebrain bundle
- dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
- mammillotegmental tract
- hypothalamo-spinal tract
