The Atomic Model Flashcards
What is an atom made up of?
Nucleus
Electrons
What is the Nucleus made up of?
Protons
Neutrons
What are the charges of the electrons, neutrons and protons?
Protons are positive
Electrons are negative
Neutrons have no charge
What is the overall charge of the nucleus?
Positive
What is the overall charge of the atom?
Neutral, or no charge
What are the relative charges of the protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons are +1
Neutrons are 0
Electrons are -1
What can atoms join together to form?
A molecule
How does the radius of an atom compare to the size of the nucleus?
The radius is much bigger
What is the Plum Pudding model?
An atom is a sphere of positive charge with electrons stuck in them like fruit in a steamed pudding.
What is an atom mostly made up of?
Space
How did Rutherford prove that an atom is mostly made up of space?
By firing alpha particles at gold foil, because some of them passed straight through, he realised that they must be room or space for this to happen.
What do electrons exist in, around the nucleus?
Different orbits, or shells, each shell has a different energy level.
How do electrons move between energy levels?
By absorbing or emitting radiation.
Absorbing radiation allows an electron to move away from the nucleus; emitting radiation allows an electron to move closer.
What happens when an electron in the outer shell leaves the atom?
The atom is now an ion, but a positive one.
What happens when an atom captures an extra electron?
The atom is now an ion, but a negative one.
