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Science > The Atom > Flashcards

The Atom Flashcards

1
Q

What do models provide about atoms?

A

Evidence for the existence of atoms + molecules.

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2
Q

What can models be used to represent?

A

1) Arrangement and motion of particles in different phases, and
2) Arrangement of and forces that bind protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom.

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3
Q

Who were the four people who helped develop the current understanding of molecular theory?

A
  1. Dalton
  2. Thompson
  3. Rutherford
  4. Bohr
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4
Q

What are protons and neutrons made of?

A

Quarks

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5
Q

Protons and neutrons are held together in the nucleus by a _____?

A

The STRONG nucleus force.

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6
Q

The electron is a type of _____?

A

Lepton

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7
Q

How are the electrons held at a distance from the nucleus?

A

Through electromagnetism.

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8
Q

What is the key feature of the Dalton model?

A

The atom is…

1) indivisible, and
2) invincible.

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9
Q

What is the key feature of the Thomson model?

A

An atom contained NEGATIVELY charged particles called ELECTRONS.

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10
Q

What is the key feature of the Rutherford model?

A

The nucleus is the SMALL DENSE CENTRE of the atom.

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11
Q

What is the key feature of the Bohr model?

A

Electrons occupy SPECIFIC ENERGY LEVELS.

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12
Q

What is a quick description of JJ Thomson’s experiment?

A

Cathode rays (made of particles) are charged because they were BENT by MAGNETS.

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13
Q

What is the name of JJ Thomson’s experiment?

A

The Cathode Ray experiment.

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14
Q

What is a quick description of Rutherford’s experiment?

A

Alpha particles go through gold foil, and some are deflected.

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15
Q

What is the name of Rutherford’s experiment?

A

The Gold Foil experiment.

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16
Q

What is a quick description of Bohr’s experiment?

A

Light coming from atoms have certain amounts of ENERGY.

17
Q

What is the name of Bohr’s experiment?

A

The Hydrogen Spectra experiment.

18
Q

What is the conclusion of Thomson’s experiment?

A

Negative parts (electrons) are in atoms.

19
Q

What is the conclusion of Rutherford’s experiment?

A

There is a small positive nucleus.

20
Q

What is the conclusion of Bohr’s experiment?

A

Electrons are in specific energy shells.

21
Q

How are quarks and leptons related to protons, neutrons, and electrons?

A

Electrons are a flavour of leptons. Protons and neutrons are made of quarks.

22
Q

Compare and contrast a proton and a neutron.

A

Protons are positively charged but neutrons are neutral. Both are in the nucleus. They are a similar mass. Both are made of quarks.

23
Q

Briefly explain why Thomson’s experiments lead to Dalton’s model being revised.

A

Thompson’s experiment showed atoms have charged particles and were not solid and indivisible.

24
Q

Explain the difference between the terms subatomic particle and elementary particle.

A

Subatomic particles are components of atoms, such as protons, neutrons and electrons. Elementary particles cannot be broken down into smaller pieces. Only electrons are both subatomic and elementary particles.

25
Q

What is an electron?

A

Electrons are negatively charged particles that are found in the space surrounding the nucleus.

26
Q

What is a proton?

A

Protons are POSITIVELY charged particles found in the NUCLEUS of an atom.

27
Q

What is a neutron?

A

Neutrons are particles with NO charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

28
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The nucleus is the POSITIVELY charged CENTRE of an atom that contains protons and neutrons; TINY compared with the size of the atom.

29
Q

What is a lepton?

A 
Electrons are ELEMENTARY particles called Leptons. 
They come in 6 "flavours": 
1) electron, 
2) muon, 
3) tau, 
4) electron neutrino, 
5) muon neutrino, and 
6) tau neutrino.
30
Q

What is a quark?

A

Quarks are ELEMENTARY particles (cannot be split apart into smaller particles). There are 6 different “flavours” based on properties such as mass and charge: up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom.

31
Q

What make up protons and neutrons?

A

Quarks which are SMALLER ELEMENTARY particles.

32
Q

What are electron energy shells?

A

Electrons can have ONLY CERTAIN amounts of ENERGY. They occupy energy shells surrounding the nucleus.

33
Q

What is the electron cloud?

A

Electrons are like a SPREAD-OUT cloud of NEGATIVE charge that exists in the whole region ALL AT ONCE.

34
Q

What are elementary particles?

A

Particles that CANNOT be split apart into smaller particles.

35
Q

What are composite particles?

A

Subatomic particles that are made of MORE THAN ONE quark.

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