The Atmosphere

Question 1

Name the layers of the atmosphere

Answer 1

Thermosphere
Mesosphere
Stratosphere
Troposphere

Question 2

What is the limit of the troposphere

Answer 2

It stops at the tropopause
Average 11km (Altho changes depending on where on earth)

Question 3

What is the limit of the mesosphere?

Answer 3

The mesopause
Around 80km from earth’s surface

Question 4

What is the limit of the stratosphere

Answer 4

The stratopause
Around 50km from the earth’s surface

Question 5

What is within the stratosphere

Answer 5

Ozone which is Oxygen 3 molecules

Question 6

What is the thermosphere

Answer 6

The furthest most layer of the atmosphere, extending into space

Question 7

What is an ISA

Answer 7

International Standard Atomosphere

Question 8

Mean sea level temp (MSLT)

Answer 8

15°C

Question 9

Mean sea level pressure (MSLP)

Answer 9

1013.25 hPa

Question 10

Mean sea level density (MSLD)

Answer 10

1.225 kg/m³

Question 11

Temperature lapse rate

Answer 11

1.98°C per 1000ft
Or 6.5°C per km
This goes up to a tropopause constant of -56°C

Question 12

Tropopause altitude

Answer 12

36090ft (36,000)ft

Question 13

Pressure lapse rate

Answer 13

27ft / hPa

Question 14

Density lapse rate

Answer 14

A non linear rate

22,000 ft is 50%
40,000 ft is 25%

Question 15

What is the compositition of the atmosphere

Answer 15

1. Nitrogen 78.09%
2. Oxygen 20.95%
3. Trace substances 0.96%

Question 16

Define the atmosphere

Answer 16

A gaseous envelope surrounding and moving along with the earth and it has no specific upper limit

Question 17

What are the main trace gases within the atmosphere

Answer 17

Hydrogen
Ozone
Water vapour (0-5% by volume)
Solid particles (dust, smoke, salt)

Question 18

What is Ozone?

Answer 18

A molecule that is naturally occuring in the atmosphere that forms a protective barrier over the earths surface

Question 19

What is a negative of Ozone?

Answer 19

It is a highly reactive and unstable gas capable of damaging living cells

Question 20

What is the conversion of nm?

Answer 20

1 nautical mile = 1nm = 6080 ft = 1.852 km = 1852m
1m = 3.28ft

Question 21

Which part of the atmosphere does temperature increases with height

Answer 21

The stratosphere

Question 22

What happens to pressure with an increase in height

Answer 22

ALWAYS decreases with height increase

Question 23

What happens to Temperature with an increase in height

Answer 23

ON AVERAGE decreases with height increase

Question 24

What happens to density with an increase in height

Answer 24

ALWAYS decreases with height

Question 25

What happens to humidity with an increase in height

Answer 25

ALMOST ALL water is contained in the troposphere so after humidity is minimal

Question 26

What is the consequence of mostly all water being in the troposphere

Answer 26

Almost all weather activity occurs here as well as having 3/4 of the total mass of atmosphere

Question 27

What is the significance of the tropopause

Answer 27

It acts as a lid on the lower atmosphere Its the region where the most jetstreams occur and high speed winds The lowest temp in the tropopause is here

Question 28

What is the properties of the tropopause at the poles

Answer 28

-50 degrees 25,000 ft high

Question 29

What are the properties of the tropopause at the equator

Answer 29

-80 degrees 55,000 ft

Question 30

Can tropopause height vary and why

Answer 30

Yes due to latitude and season as the tropopause follows the sun

Question 31

What are the six types of inversion

Answer 31

Ground/surface Subsidence Frontal Turbulence above a friction layer Valley Tropopause

Question 32

Where would temperature stay constant

Answer 32

In an isothermal layer

Question 33

Why was the ISA developed

Answer 33

For calibrating instruments to an international standard, creating an average for all

Question 34

What was the ISA developed on/based on

Answer 34

A 45° latitude with zero humidity

Question 35

What is the lowest ISA temp

Answer 35

In an isothermal/the tropopause at -56.6°C

Question 36

What is JSA

Answer 36

Jet standard atmosphere, which keeps temp decreasing at 2°C/1000ft without a tropopause