The atmosphere

Question 1

Troposphere (general)

Answer 1

15km: N2, O2, CO2, Ar, H20: molecules & breathing

Question 2

Stratosphere (general)

Answer 2

50km: N2, O2, O3: ozone

Question 3

Mesosphere (general)

Answer 3

85km: N2, O2, N2+, O2+, NO, NO+: meteor

Question 4

Thermosphere (general)

Answer 4

600km: N2, O2, N2+, O2+, N+, O+, NO+, N, O: satellite, shuttle, space station, northern lights

Question 5

At high altitudes N2 and O2 are subject to

Answer 5

high energy and UV light

Question 6

Dissociation in Thermosphere reactivity involves:

Answer 6

Breaking O2 bonds with <240nm and breaking N2 bonds with <126nm

Question 7

Ionization in Thermosphere reactivity involves:

Answer 7

taking Os and deionizing one (Os = <91nm & Ns = <80nm) with 1310KJ/mols remaining

Question 8

Photochemical Rxn:

Answer 8

It is when a reaction takes a substance into an excited states to help processes occur

Question 9

Free Radicals in Upper atmosphere help with:

Answer 9

Reactions

Question 10

How are radicals made?

Answer 10

By the photochemical reactions

Question 10

Free Radicals - Abstract

Answer 10

The radical attacks the H atom and cleaves it form a molecule

Question 11

Free Radicals - Fragment

Answer 11

The radical will attack it’s own bond and cleave itself from the molecule

Question 12

Free Radicals - Multiple Bonds

Answer 12

The Radical will cleave a double bonded atom and attach itself to the molecule

Question 13

Free Radicals - Recombine/Coupling

Answer 13

Two radicals reacting and combining to create a fully formed molecule

Question 14

4 steps of a Hydroxy Radical

Answer 14

1. Photochemical: making radical
2. Making Ozone: O radical + O2
3. Excited State: Adding UV/light
4. Radical Formation: Remake initial Radical

Question 15

Chapman Cycle describes:

Answer 15

The formation and destruction of Ozone

Question 16

Chapman Cycle steps:

Answer 16

1. Cleave O2 with light to make radical
2. Add radical to O2 to make ozone
3. (maybe) add UV to O3 to get a radical again
4. (maybe) add a radical to get O2 again

Question 17

Zig Zag effect

Answer 17

Effect describing the temperature of the atmospheric layers in relation to UV light and radiation

Question 18

Zig Zag effect from highest altitude to lowest

Answer 18

1. more ions at higher altitudes = more kinetic energy = more absorption
2. longer wavelength absorption = higher temps
3. UV range decreases in lower altitudes = lower temps
4. radiation hits the earth and bounces back as IR-Radiation or CO2