The Articles of Confederation, 1777 Flashcards
Why were the Articles of Confederation created?
were the first constitution of the U.S.
When were the Articles of Confederation adopted?
1777
When were the Articles of Confederation ratified?
1781
Why were the Articles of Confederation created?
to establish a unified government during the revolutionary war, but they also reflected a fear of centralized power
What does Article I of the Articles of Confederation say?
The Stile of this Confederacy shall be “The United States of America.”
What does Article II of the Articles of Confederation say?
Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.
What does Article III of the Articles of Confederation say?
The States enter into a friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of their liberties, and their mutual general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacked made upon them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade or any other pretense whatever
What does Article IV of the Articles of Confederation say?
-the free inhabitants of these states, paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice expected, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several states
-People of each state shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other state, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce
-If a felon from one country flees into another, then that country has to deliver him to the original country
-Full faith and credit shall be given in each of these States as records, acts and judicial proceedings of the counts and magistrates of every other state
What does Article V of the Articles of Confederation say?
-Delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislatures of each state shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday of November, in every year, with a power reserved to each state to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year.
-No State shall be represented in congress by les than two, nor more than seven members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the US, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees or emolument of any kind
-Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the states, and while they act as members of the committee of the States
-Each state shall have one vote
-Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress, and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests or imprisonments, during the time of their going to and from, and attendance on Congress, except for treason, felony, or breach of the peace
What does Article VI of the Articles of Confederation say?
-No state without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into an conference, agreement, alliance or treaty with any king
-Nor shall the US in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility
-No states can enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the congress, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue
-No state shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the United States in Congress assembled, with any king or state, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by congress, to the courts of France and Spain
-No vessel of war shall be kept up in time of peace by any state, except such number only, as shall be deemed necessary by the US in congress assembled, for the defense of such state, or its trade; nor shall any body forces by kept up by any state in time of peace, except such number only, as in the judgement of the US in congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the first necessary for the defense of such state
-Eveyer state shall always keep up a well regulated and disciplined militia, sifficeintyl armed and accoutered and shall provide and constantly have ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition and camp equipage
No state shall engage in any war without the consent of the US in Congress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have received certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such state, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the US in Congress assembled can be consulted; nor shall any state grant commisions to any ships or vessels of way, nor letters of marque of reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the US in congress assembled
there’s a bit more
What does Article VII of the Articles of Confederation say?
When land forces are raised by any state for the common defense, all officers of or under rank of the colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each state respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such state shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the state which first made the appointment
What does Article VIII of the Articles of Confederation say?
All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the US in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several states in proportion to the value of all land within each state, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the US in congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint
The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several states within the time agreed upon by the US in congress assmebled
What does Article IX of the Articles of Confederation say?
The US in Congress Assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article – of sending and receiving ambassadors – entering into treaties and alliances , provided that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective states shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners, as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the exportation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever–of establishing rules for deciding in all cases, what capture on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the US shall be divided or appropriated
little more
The US in congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsiding or that hereafter may arise between two or more states concerning boundary, jurisdiction or any other causes whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following
Whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any state in controversy with another shall present a petition to congress stating the matter in question and praying for a hearing, notice thereof shall be given by order of congress to the legislative and executive authority of the other state in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by joint consent, commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question
-If they can’t agree, congress shall name three persons out of each of the US, and from the list of persons each party shall alternately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen; and from that number not less than seven, nor more than nine names as congress shall direct, shall in the presence of congress be green out by lot, and the persons whose names shall be drawn or any five of them, shall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges who shall hear the cause shall agree in the determination
If either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, in the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such county, or to appear to defend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence, or judgement or sentence and other processings being in either case transmitted to congress, and lodged among the acts of congress for the security of the parties concerned provided that every commissioner, before he sits in judgement, shall take an oath to be administered by one of the judges of the supreme of superior court of the state, where the cause shall be tried……..provided also, that no state shall be deprived of territory for the benefit of the US
All controversies concerning the private right of the soil claimed under different grants of two or more states, whose jurisdictions as they may respect such lands, and the states which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall on the petition of either party to the congress of the United States, be finally determined as near as may be in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different states
The US in congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of the coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states-fixing the standards of weights and measured throughout the US
little more
The US in congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a committee to sit in the recess of congress to be denominated “A committee of the states”
‘, and to consist of one delegate from each state
to be continued
What does Article X of the Articles of Confederation say?
The Committee of the states, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, in the recess of congress, such of the powers of congress as the US in congress assembled, by the consent of the nine states, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with; provided that no power be delegated to the said Committee, for the exercise of which, by the Articled of Confederation, the voice of nine States in the congress of the US assembled be requisite
What does Article XI of the Articles of Confederation say?
Canada acceding to this confederation, and adjoining in the measures of the US, shall be admitted into, and entitled to all the advantages of this union; but no other colony shall be admitted into the same, unless such admission be agreed to by the nine states
What does Article XII of the Articles of Confederation say?
All bills of credit emitted, monies borrowed, and debts contracted by, or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the US, in pursuance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the US, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said US, and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged
What does Article XIII of the Articles of Confederation say?
Every state shall abide by the determination of the US in congress assembled, on all questions which by this confederation are submitted to them. And the Articles of Confederation are submitted to them. And the articles od this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every state, and the union shall be perpetual; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them; unless such alteration be agreed to in a congress of the US, and be afterwards confirmed by the legislatures of every state
And whereas it hath please the great governor of the world to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent on congress, to approve of, and to authorize us to ratify the said Articles of Confederation and perpetual union.
little more
In witness whereof we have hereunto set out hands in congress. Done at Philadelphia in the State of Pennsylvania the ninth day of July in the Year of our Lord One Thousand Seven Hundred and Seventy-Eight, and in the Third Year of the independence of America
what does inviolably mean?
“Inviolably” means in a manner that is not to be violated, broken, or transgressed.
