The arthritis eleven: Is sport good for your joints?

Question 1

bone structure - familiarize

Answer 1

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Question 2

increased compression at growth plate = slows down /speeds up longitudinal growth

increased tension at growth plate slows down / speeds up longitudinal growth

Answer 2

increased compression at growth plate = slows down longitudinal growth

increased tension at growth plate speeds up longitudinal growth

Question 3

Varus deformity = ankles close together - legs far apart
–> esp football players in youth

(genu valgum)knock kneed - ankles far apart, knees close together

Answer 3

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Question 4

Who are susceptible to malalignment?

• varus =
• valgus =

Answer 4

• varus = football players
• -> lots of load in medal compartment
• valgus = supermodels
• -> lots of load in lateral compartment

Question 5

varus increases chance of developing osteoarthritis by =

valgus increases chance of developing osteoarthritis by =

Answer 5

• varus increases chance of developing osteoarthritis by = 2 x

valgus increases chance of developing osteoarthritis by = 1.5 x

Question 6

when is osteotomy done?

Answer 6

osteotomy –> correct alignment –> straighten out joint

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Question 7

describe Wolff’s law

Answer 7

Wolff’s Law states that bone grows and remodels in response to the forces that are placed upon it in a healthy person.

–> After an injury to bone, placing specific stress in specific directions to the bone can help it remodel and become normal healthy bone again.

Question 8

Describe developmental dysplasia of the hip

Answer 8

• acetabulum (groove) isn’t formed properly
• femur is above acetabulum
• femur head malformation
• if acetabulum is too shallow
• -> causes wearing away of acetabular labrum

–> can lead to development of OA in later life

Question 9

kicking in utero = forms of resistance exercise

Answer 9

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Question 10

What is the difference between the:

a) CAM HIP (cam impingement)
b) PINCER HIPS (pincer impingement)

Answer 10

CAM HIP (cam impingement)

• extra bump on femur head
• head is not round –> due to extra bone on anterior aspect of femoral neck
• when abducting - bump hits acetabular rim
• -> Increased risk of OA
• -> more common in males

PINCER HIPS (pincer impingement)

• socket of acetabulum isn’t round
• when abducting - femur neck hits acetabular rim
• -> increased risk of OA
• -> more common in females

Question 11

NOTE: every time you crash into a bone –> bone gets bigger

Answer 11

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Question 12

How can you treat CAM Hip + PINCER Hip ?

Answer 12

before symptoms kick in:

• key hole surgery
• -> shave off bump on femoral head

Question 13

label bone of the leg - familiarize this

Answer 13

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Question 14

damage to ACL causes :

Answer 14

damage to ACL causes :

- unrestrained movement of synovial joint

Question 15

What is the function of the meniscus ?

Answer 15

meniscus = act to disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement.

meniscectomy –> increases peak contact pressure

Question 16

describe growth plate 
- know synovial joint and difference w other joints
- how joint shape affects 
- likelihood of developing OA 
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Answer 16

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Question 17

describe the process of bone structure development

Answer 17

• in utero: model is made out of cartilage
• blood vessels form
• over time cartilage ossifies slowly –> into bone
• late adulthood - diaphysis joins with epiphysis + metaphysis
  in metaphysis: cartilage set down –> ossifies –> causes longitudinal growth