The Art of Ancient Egypt Flashcards
Age of up to ca. 3100 BC
Prehisotry
ca. 3100-2650 BC
Archaic Period
ca. 2650 - 2150 BC
Old Kingdom
ca. 2040 - 1640 BC
Middle Kingdom
ca. 1550-1070 BC
New Kingdom
ca. 712-332 BC
Late Period
332 BC - AD 395
Ptolemaic (Hellenistic) and Roman Periods
ca. 2150-2040 BC
First Period
ca. 1640-1550 BC
Second Period
1070-712 BC
Third Intermediate Period
The Egyptians believed the universe and all events that occured within it were governed by the will of Gods.
The Role of Gods
God of writing, was often symbolized by the baboon, known for its cleverness, especially with its hands. The baboon was also associated with the sun god, because at sunrise baboons tend to sit facing the sun to warm themselves. Their poses suggested to the Egyptians that the baboons were worshiping the rebirth of the sun.
Toth
Addressed for matters pertaining to childbirth
Tawaret
Addressed for concerns about childbirth and sexual life
Bes
The hieroglyphic sign for life
Scepters and ankh
The crook and flail, emblems of Egyptian kings, were held by the king of the underworld
Osiris
The afterlife involved a daily interaction between the three major components of human being:
The body, the ka, and the ba
The physical component
Body
After death it was preserved through the process of _______, in which it was dried out with salts and wrapped in linen strips and sheets soaked with resin, so that it would remain unchanging and whole forever.
Mummification
After death it was preserved through the process of _______, in which it was dried out with salts and wrapped in linen strips and sheets soaked with resin, so that it would remain unchanging and whole forever.
Mummification
The life force
Ka
These provided the ka with a continual source of sustenance that could be consumed without affecting the physical offerings or depictions themselves. As the focus for offerings, the tomb was known as the “_____”
Ka house
Statues of the deceased within the tomb are often called _____
Ka statues
The human behing him/herself -everuthing that makes a person an individu except the for the body. Is also the link between life on earth and afterlife.
Ba
Each night the ba was expected to rejoin the mummy in the tomb and to recieve from it the power of rebirth. In this union the ba was reunited with its life force, the ka, and became an _____.
Akh
Meaning of Akh - able to come to life again each day/
Effective being
Beginning in the New Kingdom such texts were also placed on papyrus scrolls buried with the dceased known as the ______.
It is to help the ba pass the trial by being provided with a set of proper spells to recite and a scene of successful judgement.
Book of the Dead
The seat of thought and emotion
Heart
On its first nightly encounter with Osiris the ba had to undergo a judgement, in which its ____ was balanced on a scale against a ______.
Heart, feather
Things as they ought to be. A feather symbol.
Maat
If the two did not balance, the ba was denied the chance to enter the cycle of daily rebirth; to the Egyptians this was known as “_____”
Dying a second time
The mummy itself was also given a “____”, inscribed with a spell requesting it not to testify against the ba.
Heart scarab
Once the trial had been passed, the deceased was declared “_____”, and was able to begin the eternal cycle of daily rebirth.
True of voice
The ancient Egyptians believed that the king was endowed with divine power so he could maintain universal order and justice against the forces of chaos and evil.
The role of the King.
A goddess. She personified the quilibrium of the world; she was, therefore, especially associated with the king.
Maat
On the strength of his divine nature the ___ was the mediator between the gods and humankind.
the Egyptians called the ____ the living embodiment of Horus and the son of Re.
King
Re
the Sun God
Rulers of other lands were given lesser titles, such as _____ or _____.
Prince or shieftain
King of Upper and Lower Egypt. Was used when the king issued proclamations or spoke officially to his people/
Nesut bity
Your person, could be used as your majesty by someone greeting the king face to face or writing to him.
Hem (hemek)
Meaning great house, originally referred to the royal palace and its inhabitants. It had become a respectful term meaning the king himself in time of Ramessess II.
Pharaoh
A greek word meaning “sacred symbol.” In Egypt, one of some seven hundred signs used in writing (considerably more if one coutns signs used exclusively in the Old Kingdom and the periods after the New Kingdom).
Hieroglyph
