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endocrinology > The anterior pituitary system > Flashcards

The anterior pituitary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the appearance of the pituitary gland

A

hypophysis
sella turcica - Turkish saddle
very close to hypothalamus

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2
Q

what is the difference between the posterior and anterior hypothalamus

A

A - need blood supply, adenohypophysis, grows up from mouth

P - developed from neural tissue, down grow from neurons of hypothalamus, doesn’t require circulation

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3
Q

what is a hypothalamic nuclei

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies

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4
Q

describe the region of median eminence

A

devoid of the blood brain barrier - communicate with systemic circulation

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5
Q

what is the Pars tuberalis

A

it is wrapped around the pituitary stalk

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6
Q

what is the Pars distalis

A

body of the pituitary gland

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7
Q

what is the adenohypophysis made of

A

secretory cells

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8
Q

what is the neurohypophysis made of

A

extensions of hypothalamic nuclei - mainly nerve axons and nerve terminals

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9
Q

what important functions does the hypothalamus do

A

temp regulation

control appetite

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10
Q

describe the hypothalamic - hypophysial portal circulation

A

hypothalamus tell ant pit what to do - neurons release hormones
blood enters superior hypophysial artery into primary capillary plexus (fenestrated) in median eminence
down long portal veins
into secondary capillary plexus (fenestrated) in At. Pit
fenestrations - leaky - allows secretions
circulation hormone out of a pit into circulation

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11
Q

summarise the 3 stages of hypothalamic - hypophysial portal circulation

A
  1. hypothalamic neurosecretion into hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system
  2. hypothalamic neurosecretion acts on anterior pituitary target cells
  3. release of adenohypophysial hormone into general circulation by exocytosis
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12
Q

how many adenohypophysial cells are there

A

5

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13
Q

what are the adenohypophysial cells and what hormones do they produce

A

somatotrophs - growth hormone (somatotrophin)
lactotrophs - prolactin
thyrotrophs - throid stimulating hormone (TSH)
gonadotrophins - LSH, FSH
corticotrophs - adrenocorticotrophic hormone (corticotrophin/ACTH)

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14
Q

which adenohypophysial hormones are proteins

A

GH

prolactin

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15
Q

which adenohypophysial hormones are glycoproteins

A

TSH
LH
FSH
(B same in all, a chain differs in TSH compared to LH and FSH)

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16
Q

which adenohypophysial hormone is a polypeptide

A

ACTH

17
Q

which hypothalamic hormones affect GH

A

growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) - stim
somatostatin (SS) - inhib
on and off

18
Q

which hypothalamic hormones affect prolactin

A

-ve control
dopamine - inhib
thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) - stim

19
Q

which hypothalamic hormones affect TSH

A

TRH - stim

20
Q

which hypothalamic hormones affect LH and FSH

A

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

21
Q

which hypothalamic hormones affect ACTH

A

corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

vasopressin to some extent

22
Q

target cells of adenohypophysial hormones

A 
GH - general and liver 
prolactin - breasts 
thyrotropin - thyroid 
LH and FSH - testes, ovaries 
ACTH - adrenal cortex
23
Q

describe the actions of GH

A

bind directly to bone and muscle receptors - anabolic effects
bind to liver - somatomedins IGF1 - mediate - bind to IGF1 receptors - indirectly affect growth
stim AA into cell, protein synth
increased gluconeogenesis - diabetes stimulate lipolysis - increased fatty acid production
increased cartilaginous growth and somatic cell growth - cancer

24
Q

what affects GH

A 
sleep
stress 
oestrogen 
exercise 
fasting 
AA (arginine) 
Ghrelin 
-ve feedback from output to hypothalamus and ant pit 
and from ant pit to hyp
25
Q

describe the neuroendocrine reflex arc - prolactin

A

neural stimulation of tactile receptors
feedback to hypothalamic dopaminergic neurons by suckling - suppresses them and so dopamine meaning prolactin is released

26
Q

what mediates the action of peptide hormones

A

intracellular protein kinases

endocrinology (12 decks)

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