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Endocrine physiology > The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland > Flashcards

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

Where/How are hormones released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A

Hormones are released into a local portal circulation system that perfuses the anterior pituitary - called the hypophyseal portal system

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2
Q

What are the** 5 endocrine cell types** of the anterior lobe & what trophic hormones do they release?

A
  1. Corticotrophs - ACTH
  2. Gonadotrophs -FSH and LH
  3. Thyrotrophs - TSH
  4. Lactotrophs - Prolactin
  5. Somatotrophs - GH
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3
Q

Which 2 of the 5 endocrine cells are acidophils? (based on staining properties)

A
  • Somatotrophs
  • Lactotrophs
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4
Q

Which 3 of the 5 endocrine cells are Basophils? (based on staining properties)

A

gonadotrophs
corticotrophs
thryotrophs

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5
Q

Which of the 5 endocrine cells are Basophils?

A
  • Thyrotrophs
  • gonadotrophs
  • corticotrophs
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6
Q

What is hypopituitarism?

A
  • anterior pitutary dysfunction - short supply of one of the anterior pituitary hormones
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7
Q

Give an example of hypopituitarism ( ie gene mutation & what hormones are affected?) IN A MOUSE

A
  • recessive PIT1 mutation
  • a decrease in prolactin & GH & TSH
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8
Q

What hormone does corticotropic releasing hormone cause production of?

A

adeno cortico tropic hormone (ACTH) which acts on the adrenal glands

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9
Q

What 2 hormones does GnRH cause the production of?

A
  • Follice stimulating hormone
  • lutinising hormone
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10
Q

What hypophysiotrophic hormone causes the production of GH and what is it’s target?

A

GHRH
* targets are liver, bone, skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Which one of the anterior pituitary hormones is not a peptide hormone or trophic hormone?

A

Prolactin

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12
Q

What is prolactin release** inhibited** by?

A

dopamine

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13
Q

What is prolactin release stimuated by?

A
  • estrogen / progesterone
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14
Q

what are the physioogical roles of prolactin?

primary and secondary roles

A
  • lactation - primary
  • immune tolerance? - secondary
  • behvaioural role - ie nuturing instinct
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15
Q

What does prolactin stimulate during pregnancy?

A
  • it stimulates the development of the breast as a glandular tissue
  • it promotes lobuloalveolar proliferation and development in the latter half of pregnancy
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16
Q

what is mammogenesis?

A
  • the development of a functional breast
17
Q

Describe the development of a breast

A
  • breast development begins in puberty due to increased estrogen and progesterone levels
  • development is completed in third trimester of pregnancy in reponse to sustained high levels of these hormones as well as prolactin
18
Q

what is hyperprolactinemia, what can it stimulate and what are the consequences in some women?

A
  • excessive levels of prolactin in the blood
  • stimulates lactation
  • in some women, it can cause amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle)
19
Q

Describe the sucking reflex that stimulates the** production of prolactin**

A
  • sucking stimulates the mechanoreceptors on the nipple
  • this decreases dopamine secretion (which naturally inhibits prolactin)
  • therefore anterior pituitary secretes prolactin
  • increase in plasma prolactin levels
  • stimulates gland cell and milk synthesis
20
Q

what is galactorrhea?

A

milk secretion from non pregnant woman

21
Q

what does the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland develop from?

A
  • comes from the ectoderm - it moves upwards to join the infundibulum from the hypothalamus
22
Q

Because the anterior pituitary gland moves upwards during development, what can be a problem in the future?

A
  • there is a possibility of small clusters of epithelial cells being left behind along the path and these may develop into cysts or **ectopic hormone secreting tumours **later in life
23
Q

what depression of the sphenoid bone does the anterior lobe sit in?

A
  • the sella turcica which is covered by the diaphragma sellae
24
Q

what does the pituitary gland lie directly beneath & as a result of a tumour what can happen?

A
  • the **optic chiasm **
  • any** increase in mass** eg a tumour can cause the pituitary to bulge upwards and press on the optic chiasm which may cause visual disturbances

Endocrine physiology (19 decks)

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