the american and french revolutipm Flashcards
king george iii
King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801
taxation without representation
a phrase, generally attributed to James Otis about 1761, that reflected the resentment of American colonists at being taxed by a British Parliament
the stamp act
was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that imposed a direct tax on the colonies of British America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London
george washington
1732–99, U.S. general and political leader: 1st president of the U.S. 1789–97
continential army
was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America
red coats
(especially during the American Revolution) a British soldier.
seven year war
war fought between 1754 and 1763, the main conflict occurring in the seven-year period from 1756 to 1763. It involved every European great power of the time except the Ottoman Empire and spanned five continents
loyalists
a person who is loyal; a supporter of the sovereign or of the existing government, especially in time of revolt.
patriots
person who loves, supports, and defends his or her country and its interests with devotion
thomas jefferson
, 1743–1826, U.S. statesman, diplomat, architect, and author: 3rd president of the U.S. 1801–09
declaration of independence
the public act by which the Second Continental Congress, on July 4, 1776, declared the Colonies to be free and independent of England
the three estates
broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the medieval period to early modern Europe
louis xv
1710–74, king of France 1715–74 (great grandson of Louis XIV)
marie antoinete
Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna (2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793), was the last Queen of France prior to the French Revolution
versailles
peace treaty between the Allies and Germany 1919
national assembly
the body constituted by the French Third Estate in June 1789 after the calling of the Estates General. It was dissolved in Sept 1791 to be replaced by the new Legislative Assembly
estates general
the States-General
declaration of rights of man
is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.
constitution of 1791
the first written constitution in France, created after the collapse of the absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime. One of the basic precepts of the revolution was adopting constitutionality and establishing popular sovereignty
emigres
an emigrant, especially a person who flees from his or her native land because of political condition
radicals
of or going to the root or origin; fundamental
moderates
In politics and religion, a moderate is an individual who is not extreme, partisan, nor radical.[1] In recent years, the term political moderates has gained traction as a buzzword
conservatives
disposed to preserve existing conditions, institutions, etc., or to restore traditional ones, and to limit change
reign of terror
period of the French Revolution, from about March, 1793, to July, 1794, during which many persons were ruthlessly executed by the ruling faction
jacobins
was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution (1789–99)
maximillian
1832–67, archduke of Austria: emperor of Mexico 1864–67.
guillotine
a device for beheading a person by means of a heavy blade that is dropped between two posts serving as guides: widely used during the French Revolution
conscription
compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service
coup
a highly successful, unexpected stroke, act, or move; a clever action or accomplishment
the directory
five-member committee which governed France from 1795, when it replaced the Committee of Public Safety
napoleon bonaparte
1769–1821, French general born in Corsica: emperor of France 1804–15
counter revolutionary
opposing a revolution or revolutionary government
napoleonic code
the civil code of France, enacted in 1804 and officially designated in 1807
the consulate waterloo
the site of Napoleon’s defeat by British and Prussian armies in 1815, which ended his last bid for power
nationalism
spirit or aspirations common to the whole of a nation
duke of wellington
was an Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain
tennis court oath
pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution
bastille
a fortress in Paris, used as a prison, built in the 14th century and destroyed July 14, 1789
