The All-Engines Take-Off

Question 1

Because the all engines case is very likely there is a large safety factor in the requirements and the net TODR to 35ft is … times the gross or average distance

Answer 1

1.15

Question 2

The speed at the 35ft screen height in the all engines case is … defined as …

Answer 2

V3

not less than V2

Question 3

Comparing the engine out dry TODR, engine out wet TODR and the all engines TODR net distances, we find that the gross all engines distance to 35 ft is obviously shorter than the other two but once the safety factor of … is included it might actually be …

Answer 3

1.15

longer and therefore limiting

Question 4

for a twin-engine aircraft loss of an engine is loss of half the thrust so … is most likely to be limiting but for a four-engine aircraft, loss of one engine is only losing quarter of the thrust and therefore … is more likely to be limiting because …

Answer 4

the engine out TODR

the all engine TODR

the all engine and engine out TODRs will be close

Question 5

CS consider both the TORA and TODA. If a runway has no clearway we have two things to complete by the end of the concrete. We must be at … to satisfy …and be… to satisfy …

Answer 5

35ft

TODA

just lifting off

TORA

Question 6

if there is no clearway the … limit is harder to satisfy so the take-off could be described as …

Answer 6

TODA

TODA limiting

Question 7

If the clearway is increased from nothing the … increases and eventually we get to a situation where the aircraft can just lift off by the end of the TORA and also just make 35 ft at the end of the TODA

Now the aircraft is both TORA and TODA limited and a reduction in either TORA or TODA would …

Answer 7

TODA limited TOM

reduce the TOM

Question 8

The extra possibility that the take-off might be … limited potentially doubles the complexity of the field length calculation so manufacturers often impose a … limit to simplify the graphs and force a … limiting situation

Answer 8

TORA

max allowable clearway

TODA

(remember that increasing the clearway will move the TODA line to the right and cause a TORA limit)

Question 9

CS 25 states that, if the take-off distance does not include a clearway the TORR = TODR, thus forcing a TODA limit. If there is a clearway, for class A aircraft the TORR is the longest of:

1. (engine out dry runway)
2. (engine out wet runway)
3. (all engines case)

Answer 9

1. ground run plus half the distance from Vlof to 35ft screen height
2. ground run plus distance to 15ft screen height
3. 1.15 times ground run plus half distance from Vlof to 35ft screen height

Question 10

what is a balanced field V1?

Answer 10

The V1 produced where engine failure TODR = ASDR

Question 11

If a balanced V1 is used when the field is unbalanced and no correction has been made for the additional stopway or clearway then the aircraft will be operating below … because …

Answer 11

the max FLL TOM

the TODA has effectively been calculated as shorter than it actually is

Question 12

What happens to ASDR if there is a runway downslope and why?

Answer 12

overall the ASDR decreases because the aircraft will be easier to accelerate, assisted by a component of the aircraft weight acting downhill, and the distance to V1 will be reduced. It will also be harder to stop but the acceleration phase has the greatest effect

Question 13

What happens to ASDR for an upslope?

Answer 13

the ASDR increases

Question 14

Class B screen height is … at a speed not less than …

Answer 14

50ft

1.2 Vs1