The Alimentary Canal

Question 1

What is the definition of ingestion?

Answer 1

Food being taken in

Question 2

Food being chewed is a …. process

Answer 2

Mechanical

Question 3

Food is mixed saliva which contains … enzymes which is …. digestion

Answer 3

Amylase

Chemical

Question 4

Food forms a …. which is then swallowed

Answer 4

Bolus

Question 5

After the mouth the next stage the food travels down is the ….

Answer 5

Oesophagus

Question 6

How is food moved to the stomach in the oesophagus?

Answer 6

By peristalsis which I when the circular and longitudinal muscles contract and release, which propels the food downwards inti the stomach

Question 7

After the bolus travels down the oesophagus, it reaches the ….

Answer 7

Stomach

Question 8

Muscular walls churn the food which is …. digestion

Answer 8

Mechanical

Question 9

The food is churned to make sure it mixes with the …. enzymes
This is a form of ….. digestion because there are …. involved

Answer 9

Pepsin
Chemical
Enzymes

Question 10

There is ……. acid in the stomach

Answer 10

Hydrochloric

Question 11

What does the acid in the stomach do?

Answer 11

It has a low pH for the pepsin so kills the bacteria

Question 12

After the stomach in the alimentary canal is the…..

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

What is the purpose of the liver?

Answer 13

It produces bile which is a clear green or yellow fluid that helps break down the food you eat.
It also stores absorbed glucose as glycogen

Question 14

After the liver is the ….

Answer 14

Gall bladder

Question 15

What is the purpose of the gall bladder?

Answer 15

It stores the bile that is produced in the liver, then releases it into the SMALL INTESTINE

Question 16

Bile which is a ….. neutralises acid from the stomach

Answer 16

Alkaline

Question 17

Bile ….. liquids which means

Answer 17

Emulsifies

The large globules to become small droplets with an increased surface area which help lipase enzymes

Question 18

What is after the gall bladder?

Answer 18

Pancreas

Question 19

What is the purpose of the pancreas?

Answer 19

It releases amylase, protease, lipase and maltase enzymes into the SMALL intestine

Question 20

The pancreas also releases …. to neutralise the starch acid even futher

Answer 20

Alkali

Question 21

After the pancreas is the …

Answer 21

SMALL intestine

Question 22

The small intestine is made up of two parts:

Answer 22

The duodenum and the ileum

Question 23

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 23

• muscular walls churn the food

- enzymes are secreted and food is absorbed into the blood

Question 24

What is in the small intestine that help maximise enzyme secretion and food absorption?

Answer 24

The villi as they give the walls an enormous surface area so more enzymes can be secreted at a time

Question 25

What are villi

Answer 25

Small finger like projections that are in the SMALL intestine

Question 26

After the small intestine, the food travels to the

Answer 26

Large intestine

Question 27

What happens in the large intestine?

Answer 27

``` Water is absorbed into the bladder Waste material (faeces) is passed out of the body through the anus(EGESTION) ```

Question 28

What are the two parts of the large intestine and their purpose?

Answer 28

The colon: where water is absorbed | The rectum: where faeces are stored before EGESTION

Question 29

What is digestion?

Answer 29

The process that breaks down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

Question 30

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 30

Enzymes breaking down food

Question 31

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 31

The physical break down of food to increase surface area to maximise enzyme action

Question 32

What is Absorption?

Answer 32

Where the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body. It happens in the villi which have a lacteal running through the centre and capillaries around the outside of the villi.

Question 33

What products are absorbed into the lacteal?

Answer 33

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 34

What products are absorbed into the capillaries?

Answer 34

Sugars and amino acids

Question 35

What is assimilation?

Answer 35

The process by which the digested food molecules are built to form structures in the body which are then used in chemical reactions. Eg. Glucose is used in respiration and amino acids are built up into proteins for example enzymes

Question 36

What is egestion?

Answer 36

The process by which faeces pass out of the rectum through the anus