The Alimentary Canal Flashcards
What is the definition of ingestion?
Food being taken in
Food being chewed is a …. process
Mechanical
Food is mixed saliva which contains … enzymes which is …. digestion
Amylase
Chemical
Food forms a …. which is then swallowed
Bolus
After the mouth the next stage the food travels down is the ….
Oesophagus
How is food moved to the stomach in the oesophagus?
By peristalsis which I when the circular and longitudinal muscles contract and release, which propels the food downwards inti the stomach
After the bolus travels down the oesophagus, it reaches the ….
Stomach
Muscular walls churn the food which is …. digestion
Mechanical
The food is churned to make sure it mixes with the …. enzymes
This is a form of ….. digestion because there are …. involved
Pepsin
Chemical
Enzymes
There is ……. acid in the stomach
Hydrochloric
What does the acid in the stomach do?
It has a low pH for the pepsin so kills the bacteria
After the stomach in the alimentary canal is the…..
Liver
What is the purpose of the liver?
It produces bile which is a clear green or yellow fluid that helps break down the food you eat.
It also stores absorbed glucose as glycogen
After the liver is the ….
Gall bladder
What is the purpose of the gall bladder?
It stores the bile that is produced in the liver, then releases it into the SMALL INTESTINE
Bile which is a ….. neutralises acid from the stomach
Alkaline
Bile ….. liquids which means
Emulsifies
The large globules to become small droplets with an increased surface area which help lipase enzymes
What is after the gall bladder?
Pancreas
What is the purpose of the pancreas?
It releases amylase, protease, lipase and maltase enzymes into the SMALL intestine
The pancreas also releases …. to neutralise the starch acid even futher
Alkali
After the pancreas is the …
SMALL intestine
The small intestine is made up of two parts:
The duodenum and the ileum
What happens in the small intestine?
- muscular walls churn the food
- enzymes are secreted and food is absorbed into the blood
What is in the small intestine that help maximise enzyme secretion and food absorption?
The villi as they give the walls an enormous surface area so more enzymes can be secreted at a time
What are villi
Small finger like projections that are in the SMALL intestine
After the small intestine, the food travels to the
Large intestine
What happens in the large intestine?
Water is absorbed into the bladder Waste material (faeces) is passed out of the body through the anus(EGESTION)
What are the two parts of the large intestine and their purpose?
The colon: where water is absorbed
The rectum: where faeces are stored before EGESTION
What is digestion?
The process that breaks down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.
What is chemical digestion?
Enzymes breaking down food
What is mechanical digestion?
The physical break down of food to increase surface area to maximise enzyme action
What is Absorption?
Where the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body.
It happens in the villi which have a lacteal running through the centre and capillaries around the outside of the villi.
What products are absorbed into the lacteal?
Glycerol and fatty acids
What products are absorbed into the capillaries?
Sugars and amino acids
What is assimilation?
The process by which the digested food molecules are built to form structures in the body which are then used in chemical reactions. Eg. Glucose is used in respiration and amino acids are built up into proteins for example enzymes
What is egestion?
The process by which faeces pass out of the rectum through the anus
