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Biology Y9 > The Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

The Alimentary Canal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of ingestion?

A

Food being taken in

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2
Q

Food being chewed is a …. process

A

Mechanical

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3
Q

Food is mixed saliva which contains … enzymes which is …. digestion

A

Amylase

Chemical

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4
Q

Food forms a …. which is then swallowed

A

Bolus

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5
Q

After the mouth the next stage the food travels down is the ….

A

Oesophagus

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6
Q

How is food moved to the stomach in the oesophagus?

A

By peristalsis which I when the circular and longitudinal muscles contract and release, which propels the food downwards inti the stomach

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7
Q

After the bolus travels down the oesophagus, it reaches the ….

A

Stomach

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8
Q

Muscular walls churn the food which is …. digestion

A

Mechanical

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9
Q

The food is churned to make sure it mixes with the …. enzymes
This is a form of ….. digestion because there are …. involved

A

Pepsin
Chemical
Enzymes

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10
Q

There is ……. acid in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric

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11
Q

What does the acid in the stomach do?

A

It has a low pH for the pepsin so kills the bacteria

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12
Q

After the stomach in the alimentary canal is the…..

A

Liver

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the liver?

A

It produces bile which is a clear green or yellow fluid that helps break down the food you eat.
It also stores absorbed glucose as glycogen

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14
Q

After the liver is the ….

A

Gall bladder

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the gall bladder?

A

It stores the bile that is produced in the liver, then releases it into the SMALL INTESTINE

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16
Q

Bile which is a ….. neutralises acid from the stomach

A

Alkaline

17
Q

Bile ….. liquids which means

A

Emulsifies

The large globules to become small droplets with an increased surface area which help lipase enzymes

18
Q

What is after the gall bladder?

A

Pancreas

19
Q

What is the purpose of the pancreas?

A

It releases amylase, protease, lipase and maltase enzymes into the SMALL intestine

20
Q

The pancreas also releases …. to neutralise the starch acid even futher

A

Alkali

21
Q

After the pancreas is the …

A

SMALL intestine

22
Q

The small intestine is made up of two parts:

A

The duodenum and the ileum

23
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A
  • muscular walls churn the food

- enzymes are secreted and food is absorbed into the blood

24
Q

What is in the small intestine that help maximise enzyme secretion and food absorption?

A

The villi as they give the walls an enormous surface area so more enzymes can be secreted at a time

25
Q

What are villi

A

Small finger like projections that are in the SMALL intestine

26
Q

After the small intestine, the food travels to the

A

Large intestine

27
Q

What happens in the large intestine?

A 
Water is absorbed into the bladder 
Waste material (faeces) is passed out of the body through the anus(EGESTION)
28
Q

What are the two parts of the large intestine and their purpose?

A

The colon: where water is absorbed

The rectum: where faeces are stored before EGESTION

29
Q

What is digestion?

A

The process that breaks down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the blood.

30
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Enzymes breaking down food

31
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

The physical break down of food to increase surface area to maximise enzyme action

32
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Where the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body.
It happens in the villi which have a lacteal running through the centre and capillaries around the outside of the villi.

33
Q

What products are absorbed into the lacteal?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

34
Q

What products are absorbed into the capillaries?

A

Sugars and amino acids

35
Q

What is assimilation?

A

The process by which the digested food molecules are built to form structures in the body which are then used in chemical reactions. Eg. Glucose is used in respiration and amino acids are built up into proteins for example enzymes

36
Q

What is egestion?

A

The process by which faeces pass out of the rectum through the anus

Biology Y9 (4 decks)

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