the age of reformation: chapter 13 Flashcards
why were catholic ideas dominant during this time period?
it was part of the monarchy, and had a large bureaucracy which held many positions
what is heresy and what were its consequences
beliefs against the catholic church, could get oyu burned at the stake
why was the system of indulgences put into place?
it was used to raise money for the church; people bought them to release soulds from the purgatory and get them into heaven
what were luthers main beliefs
salvation by faith alone: god > word of presists
what were the effects of the spread of the 95 theses?
increase in literacy rates, spread of luthers ideas which led to revolts that were not supported by Luther
what happened at the diet of worms?
Charles V tried to force Luther to take back his theses, to which he refused and was excommunicated
How did the reformation grow from local movements, to German and European?
printing press: translated into German and other languase and thousands of copies were printed
how did the german princes respond to the reformation
it was a good way for them to grab power from the catholic emporer
what movements grew from the actions of the german pricnes?
peasant revolts, they though if the princes could rebell then they could challenge the emporer too, not supported by Luther
Anabaptists
baptism should be a choice to adults as chiristinaty is a choice and only adults were educated enough to make the decision
peace os augsburg
foundational document: whoever ruled would determin the religion of their region
how/why were religious decisions made
for political power
how was germany changed beyond religion
a standard german lagunge was established, literacy rates skyrocketed, peasant revolts over change beyond religion
what did Charles V have to be cautious about
how he delt with luther because he wanted his peoples support due to the Turks closing in on the HRE
reformation in switzerland
zwingli preached against church crruptions and everything not in the bible
calvinism main points
predestinatin: god has already decided who will be saved and who wont
how did the protestant ideas spread through scandanavia (denmark and sweden)
both adopter luthernism for political reasons to separate themselves from the HRE
protestanism in england
King henry VIII created the church of anglad for selfish reasons also with economic power as the crown got the church land and wealth
scotland
john knox: main churhc = new protestant denomination with highest literacy rates
protestants vs catholics in religious spaces
catholics worshiped more than just god (saints)
catholic counter-reformation
the vatican: restore the church
1. reform the church
2. attacks, violence, art propaganda
why were religious wars fought?
religion, oney, power, and land
why did german princes break with Catholic rome
money and land
1. princes could confiscate church lands
2. not having to work with bishops
3. less taxes
effects of religious wars (where were religios settled)
protestant: north
catholic: south
queen elizabeth
very highly debated: many people saw that it was forbidden to have a woman in power and felt inferior
transubstantiation
catholic: bread and wine = body and blood of christ
luther: bread and wine = body and blood of christ but also metaphor
zwingli; bread and wine = metaphor
3 primary chriticisms of the catholic church
- pristege was damaged during babolyian captivity
- indulgences
- doctorines were incorrect
Why else did the normal people resent clerical privileges and immunities?
the clergy did not have civil resposibilies, nor did they pay taxes
how were anabpatist seen as radicals
they were unwilling to accept a state church.
did luther and zwingli support anabaptist
no, it seemed too radical
postives of reformation on women
oppertunity to use literary or artist talents
negatives of reformation on women
marriage became the only occupation for protest women
women were slut shamed
