The Age of Exploration - Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Quadrant, astrolabe

A

Instruments that determined a ships latitude based on the position of the sun and the stars.

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2
Q

Compass

A

Instrument that determined a ships direction by identifying North.

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3
Q

Log and line

A

Instrument used to measure a ships speed (unit = knots) based on the number of knots on a rope released at regular intervals.

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4
Q

Caravel

A

Strong ships that was sturdy enough to last long voyages in strong winds.

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5
Q

Conquistadores

A

Spanish for “conquerers”. Soldiers who conquered the native people of South America.

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6
Q

Colonisation

A

When one country takes over another territory, then settles some people there to control the it.

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7
Q

Slavery triangle

A

A trading triangle. Slaves from Africa were transported to the Americas, American goods to Europe and the and the process would repeat.

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8
Q

Colombian exchange

A

Introduction of European goods and animals to South America and American goods and animals to Europe.

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9
Q

Cartographers

A

People who drew maps

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10
Q

Portolan charts

A

Mapped harbours and coastlines

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11
Q

Logbook

A

Used to record speed

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12
Q

Tacking

A

Turning into the wind to move.

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13
Q

Clinker building

A

Fitted edge to edge then overlapped to reinforce the ships hull.

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14
Q

Rudders

A

Made it easier to steer a caravel

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15
Q

Naos

A

Larger versions of a caravel, commonly used for voyages across the Atlantic,

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16
Q

Lateen sails

A

Triangular sails added to the ships to help steer through wind

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17
Q

Spices

A

Came from Asia - one of the main reasons for the exploration era

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18
Q

Fortune

A

Money and other riches

19
Q

Fame

A

Known by patrons and king/queens

20
Q

Scurvy

A

Deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C in the diet.

21
Q

Shipwreck

A

When ships got embedded in sand or rocks

22
Q

Mutiny

A

When sailors rebelled against the captains.

23
Q

Execution

A

Being killed as a punishment

24
Q

The Great Silk Road

A

A trade route to China

25
Q

Henry the Navigatior

A

Set up the school of navigation in Sagres.

26
Q

Bartolomeu Dias

A

Sailed to the Cape of Good Hope along the coast of Africa in 1487

27
Q

Vasco de Gama

A

Sailed to Calicut in India around the coast of Africa in 1497

28
Q

Christopher Columbus

A

Discovered America in 1492, although he thought he was in Asia so he referred to the natives as Indians.

29
Q

Ferdinand Magellen

A

Proved that the world was round in 1522

30
Q

Circumnavigation

A

Sailing around the globe

31
Q

Hernán Cortés

A

Conquered the Aztecs

32
Q

The Aztecs

A

A tribe in central Mexico who owned an empire

33
Q

Tenochtitlan

A

Capital of the Aztec’s Empire

34
Q

Montezuma II

A

Aztec King who was tricked by Cortés, killed during the conquest

35
Q

New Spain

A

Built on the remains of Tenochtitlan

36
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquered the Incas

37
Q

Incas

A

Tribe in Peru before the age of exploration

38
Q

Colony

A

One country that is controlled by another

39
Q

Disease

A

Diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenze killed most natives in colonised countries.

40
Q

Brazil

A

Portugal colonised Brazil; this is why they still speak Potugese in Brazil.

41
Q

British Empire

A

They colonised east North America, India, Australia, New Zealand and parts of Africa.

42
Q

French Empire

A

They colonised parts of North America, parts of Africa and Asia

43
Q

Treaty of Tordesillas

A

Signed in 1494; divided the New World among the colonies

44
Q

New World

A

South America