The Age Of Exploration

Question 1

On what date in what year did Columbus reach the Americas ?

Answer 1

12th of October 1492

Question 2

How many cities were in the Aztec empire?

Answer 2

489

Question 3

Capitol city of the Aztec empire?

Answer 3

Technotitlan

Question 4

lateen sails?

Answer 4

Triangular sails that allowed the boat to sail into sting winds and along bays and coasts

Question 5

When did Columbus live?

Answer 5

1451-1506

Question 6

By how much did the indigenous population decline ?

Answer 6

indigenous population of South America was roughly 25 million. By 1605, this had fallen to about 3 million.

Question 7

When did Francisco Pizzaro live?

Answer 7

Pizarro (1475-1541)

Question 8

What determined a ships l’attitude?

Answer 8

• A quadrant and an astrolabe helped determine a ship’s latitude (distance from the equator) by using the position of the stars and the sun.

Question 9

What is a compass

Answer 9

A compass was used to identify north, so the direction a ship was sailing in could be calculated.

Question 10

What is a log and line

Answer 10

A log and line measured a ship’s speed in knots. The line had knots in it at regular intervals and was tied around a log. A sailor would hold the line, throw the log overboard and measure the ship’s speed by how many knots passed through his hand in a given time (measured by an hourglass). The speed was recorded in the ship’s logbook.

Question 11

What is a line and lead weight

Answer 11

To measure the depth of water, especially around a coast, a line and lead weight was used. The line was marked with depths and dropped into the water to ensure it was not too shallow for the ship.

Question 12

Portolan chart ?

Answer 12

To navigate properly, new and more accurate maps were needed. Cartographers (people who draw maps) started using maps from Constantinople, which were far more detailed. The Portuguese developed portolan charts, which mapped harbours and coastlines more precisely, recording information like currents, tides and depth. As explorers returned from their voyages, the information they brought was used to update maps.

Question 13

Who was vasco da gama?

Answer 13

In 1497, Vasco da Gama continued sailing up the eastern African coast.
From modern-day Kenya, he sailed east to Calicut in India. Trip took two years

Question 14

Bartolemu dias

Answer 14

In 1487, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa, now called the Cape of Good Hope.

Question 15

Where did Columbus believe he had found a sea route to?

Answer 15

People believed he had found a sea route to Asia and he was appointed governor of the new territory.

Question 16

Name columbusus three ships

Answer 16

Niña, the Pinta and the Santa Maria.

Question 17

Columbus was convinced that the best and quickest way to reach china was by ……….

Answer 17

He was convinced that the best and quickest way to reach China was by sailing west across the Atlantic.

Question 18

Who was malinche?

Answer 18

Cortés. Cortés was given a slave girl called Malinche, who spoke several local languages. She quickly learned Spanish and acted as his translator.
She also bore him a son.

Question 19

Who was the Aztec king?

Answer 19

Montezuma

Question 20

Who was Hernan Cortes and what did he do?

Answer 20

In February 1519, Hernán Cortés landed with 11 ships, 500 soldiers and 13 horses. He had the ships burned to show his men that there was no going back. He made contact with local tribes that had been conquered by the Aztecs. Many of the indigenous peoples were terrified of the Spaniards’ horses and cannons (which they had never seen before)

Question 21

Name the reasons to explore…

Answer 21

1 the influence of the Renaissance
2 the stories of Marco Polo
3 new trade routes
4 the fall of Constantinople
5 desire for empire
6 spreading Christianity

Question 22

Explain the fall of the Incas as best you can
Below is the entire extract
There may be words that do not belong in the extract due to copy and paste

Answer 22

To the south of the Aztecs lay an even more powerful and rich civilisation. The Incas controlled a huge amount of territory in the Andes mountains, along the western coast of South America. The Incan empire was ruled from its capital in Cuzco by a god-king.
The Incas were sophisticated engineers and architects and also very fine artists. They used no written script, but kept records using a system of knotted string. Roads ran to every corner of their empire and they collected tribute from their subjects.
A Machu Picchu
The fall of the Incas
A gold artefact from the Incan civilisation
Francisco Pizarro (1475-1541) was a Spanish solider serving in the new colonies who had a reputation for ruthless behaviour. He heard rumours of the great wealth of the Incas and was granted a commission to conquer them by King Charles V of Spain in 1528. He gathered a small army of 180 men and 27 horses and invaded the Incan empire in 1532.
Pizarro met the Incan king, Atahualpa, at the town of Cajamarca. To give him an excuse to attack the Incas, Pizarro had a priest approach Atahualpa with a Bible. The king threw it aside. Claiming that this was an insult to the Christian faith, Pizarro ordered his men to attack.
Although vastly outnumbered by the Incan warriors, the Spanish had superior weapons. They won and captured Atahualpa.
The Incas offered to fill a room with gold and silver in return for their king. Pizarro accepted the treasure, but had the king executed anyway. The death of Atahualpa threw the empire into chaos, as he had left no heir. Pizarro defeated the remaining Incan armies at Cuzco. He declared their empire the Spanish province of New Castile and established a new capital city at Lima. Huge deposits of gold and silver were later found in the Andes, making Spain the wealthiest
A Painting of Pizarro encountering
country in Europe.