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World Civilization 102 > The Age of Exploration > Flashcards

The Age of Exploration Flashcards

1
Q

who created the magnetic compass?

A

the Chinese

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2
Q

Who was the first country to start explorations?

A

Portugal

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3
Q

Who was the second country to start explorations?

A

Spain

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4
Q

Who was the Portuguese navigator of exploration?

A

Henry the 1st

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5
Q

what was the inspiration behind European exploration?

A

desire to est. new trade routes to Asian markets and spread Christianity

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6
Q

what was Silk Road the term for during the Age of Exploration?

A

gun powder

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7
Q

Where did Portuguese mariners first travel to during their exploration?

A

the canary islands

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8
Q

What does “volta do mar” mean?

A

back the sea, developed by the Portuguese

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9
Q

Who traveled from Portugal to South of Africa and started the “Cape of Good Hope”?

A

Bartomeleu Dias

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10
Q

Who traveled from Portugal to India?

A

Vasco Da Gama

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11
Q

What Spanish explorer landed in the Bahamas/Caribbean?

A

Christopher Columbus

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12
Q

What did Christopher Columbus come across when he went to explore Asia?

A

Taino people that he believed were primitive children, gold and crops.

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13
Q

What was Columbus’ ultimate goal when exploring?

A

Reach East Asia by crossing the Western “Ocean Sea”

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14
Q

Who was the Spanish explorer to almost do the first circumnavigation of the world and establish a trade route between Mexico and the Philippians?

A

Ferdinand Magellan

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15
Q

What Danish navigator was commissioned by Russia and then later had the Bering sea named after him?

A

Vitus Bering

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16
Q

What English explorer explored the western and eastern part of North America?

A

Sir Frances Drake

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17
Q

What English explorer led 3 expeditions into the Pacific, died in Hawaii and was considered one of England’s greatest explorers?

A

Captain James Cook

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18
Q

Who helped Captain James Cook on his exploration?

A

Omar

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19
Q

What was the global diffusion of plants, crops, animals, human populations and disease pathogens?

A

The Columbian Exchange

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20
Q

Who dominated the Pacific Ocean trade from 1565-1815?

A

Spanish Galleons

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21
Q

What were the Manila Galleons?

A

The origins of Global Trade

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22
Q

Who were the first to set up trading posts and control them by forcing merchant vessels (military) to call at fortified trading sites?

A

Portuguese

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23
Q

Who was the commander of Portuguese force in the Indian Ocean and known as the “Duke of Goa”?

A

Alfonso D’albuquerque

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24
Q

What two countries started the “Joint-Stock Companies” that possessed faster, cheaper and more powerful ships with large populations?

A

English and Dutch

25
Q

What was the other name for the Tanio people?

A

Guanahani

26
Q

How and where was the death of Ferdinand Magellan?

A

In the Philippians Islands, because of a political dispute

27
Q

Who were the Philippians named after?

A

King Phillip the second.

28
Q

What was King Phillip the second famous for?

A

Bringing back Catholicism and bringing 130 ships to Spain.

29
Q

Who was Jan Pieterszoon Coen?

A

The architect of Dutch Policy that founded Batavia on the island of Java to serve as an entrepôt for the VOC.

30
Q

What was the Russian Fur Trade?

A

a VOC monopoly over spice production and trade, giving Dutch merchants ability to reap enormous profits

31
Q

Who’s act of individual rebellion had mushroomed into the Protestant Reformation?

A

Martin Luther of Wittenberg

32
Q

Who denounced the sale of indulgences in a document with the Catholic Church and what was it called?

A

Martin Luther of Wittenberg, the Ninety-Five Thesis.

33
Q

What is significant about Pope Leo X?

A

St. Peter’s Basilica

34
Q

Who established the Anglican church and was known as the “Protector or Supreme Head of the Church”?

A

Henry VIII

35
Q

What did Henry VIII do that had a very negative effect on England and Religion?

A

Desire to get a divorce.

36
Q

Which kings involvement was most significant in the Council of Trent?

A

St. Ignatius Loyola

37
Q

Who was unable to establish a strong imperial authority over the holy roman empire that eventually fled from power?

A

Charles V

38
Q

What famous family was Charles V a part of?

A

The Habsburg Family

39
Q

Who created the Spanish Armada?

A

Queen Elizabeth I

40
Q

Who was beheaded during the English Civil War?

A

Oliver Cromwell

41
Q

Who began to impose taxes without parliamentary approval?

A

King Charles I

42
Q

What King wanted to establish power in England?

A

King James I

43
Q

What 2 Russian leaders started the modernization of Russia?

A

Peter and Catherine the Great, Father and Daughter.

44
Q

What ended the 30 year war?

A

The Treaty of Westphalia, protestant and Catholic’s realization of having to coexist in Europe.

45
Q

What was the Pugachev Rebellion?

A

Spirit of reform ending with Yemelian Pugachev’s peasant rebellion.

46
Q

Who was important in the Scientific Revolution and why were they important?

A

Issac Newton, discovery of gravity concept.

47
Q

What ruler said “I am the state” and was considered the “sun king”?

A

King Louis XIV

48
Q

What King in France was responsible for the promotion of economic development and abolished international tariffs?

A

King Louis XIV

49
Q

Who moved the capital of France to Versailles?

A

King Louis XIV

50
Q

Who freed the Netherlands from Catholic rule under the Spanish?

A

William of Orange

51
Q

What was Divine Kingship, and who started it?

A

The right to rule also known as absolute monarchy, started by Cardinal Richelieu and Louis XIII.

52
Q

How was absolute monarchy created?

A

By Cardinal Richelieu, he crushed aristocratic and attacked Calvinists. Also built a Royal Base.

53
Q

Whose marriage united the people in the Netherlands?

A

William of Orange

54
Q

What is also known as the United Provinces?

A

The Netherlands

55
Q

What was the “Representative Parliamentary System” in the Netherlands?

A

The Dutch Republic

56
Q

What bad move did King James II make that got him kicked out of power?

A

Let his lover, Anne Hyde, convert to Catholicism in an area of Protestant beliefs.

57
Q

What was the Glorious Revolution?

A

When William III and Mary II established England WITHOUT BLOODSHED as a mixed monarchy governed by “The King in Parliament”

58
Q

What was the reason for failure in the Holy Roman Empire?

A

Tensions between Protestants and Catholics as well as external pressure from the French and Ottomans.

World Civilization 102 (2 decks)

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