The Age of Discovery Flashcards
conquistador
term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.
colony
group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.
mercantilism
spirit
balance of trade
difference between the values of exports and imports of a country, said to be favorable or unfavorable as exports are greater or less than imports.
compass
instrument for determining directions, as by means of a freely rotating magnetized needle that indicates magnetic north.
joint stock company
association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business.
triangular trade
pattern of colonial commerce
columbian exchange
the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries,
middle passage
stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.
treaty of tordesillas
signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.
henry the navigator
an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.
christopher columbus
Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa.
vasco de gama
Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and, in this way, the West and the Orient.
hernan cortes
Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
zheng he
Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China’s early Ming dynasty.
ferdinand magellan
Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.
spice trade
the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric were known, and used for commerce, in the Eastern World well into antiquity. Opium was also imported.
encomienda system
during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, whereby conquistadors (conquerers) were granted the towns of the native people they conquered. The conquistadors, known as encomenderos, taxed these native people and used them for labor in exchange for agreeing to provide safety through an established military and religious teachings.
dutch east india company
referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.
arawak
group of indigenous peoples of South America and historically of the Caribbean.
the philippines
Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean.
fort jesus mombasa
Portuguese fort located on Mombasa Island.
kongo kingdom
African kingdom located in west central Africa in what is now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the southe…
menin tribe
traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader
