The Age of Discovery

Question 1

conquistador

Answer 1

term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.

Question 2

colony

Answer 2

group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation.

Question 3

mercantilism

Answer 3

spirit

Question 4

balance of trade

Answer 4

difference between the values of exports and imports of a country, said to be favorable or unfavorable as exports are greater or less than imports.

Question 5

compass

Answer 5

instrument for determining directions, as by means of a freely rotating magnetized needle that indicates magnetic north.

Question 6

joint stock company

Answer 6

association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock, much like a corporation except that stockholders are liable for the debts of the business.

Question 7

triangular trade

Answer 7

pattern of colonial commerce

Question 8

columbian exchange

Answer 8

the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, communicable diseases, technology and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres in the 15th and 16th centuries,

Question 9

middle passage

Answer 9

stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

Question 10

treaty of tordesillas

Answer 10

signed at Tordesillas on June 7, 1494, and authenticated at Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.

Question 11

henry the navigator

Answer 11

an important figure in 15th-century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire.

Question 12

christopher columbus

Answer 12

Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa.

Question 13

vasco de gama

Answer 13

Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. His initial voyage to India was the first to link Europe and Asia by an ocean route, connecting the Atlantic and the Indian oceans and, in this way, the West and the Orient.

Question 14

hernan cortes

Answer 14

Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.

Question 15

zheng he

Answer 15

Hui court eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet admiral during China’s early Ming dynasty.

Question 16

ferdinand magellan

Answer 16

Portuguese explorer who organised the Castilian expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano.

Question 17

spice trade

Answer 17

the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric were known, and used for commerce, in the Eastern World well into antiquity. Opium was also imported.

Question 18

encomienda system

Answer 18

during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, whereby conquistadors (conquerers) were granted the towns of the native people they conquered. The conquistadors, known as encomenderos, taxed these native people and used them for labor in exchange for agreeing to provide safety through an established military and religious teachings.

Question 19

dutch east india company

Answer 19

referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on Dutch spice trade.

Question 20

arawak

Answer 20

group of indigenous peoples of South America and historically of the Caribbean.

Question 21

the philippines

Answer 21

Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean.

Question 22

fort jesus mombasa

Answer 22

Portuguese fort located on Mombasa Island.

Question 23

kongo kingdom

Answer 23

African kingdom located in west central Africa in what is now northern Angola, Cabinda, the Republic of the Congo, the western portion of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the southe…

Question 24

menin tribe

Answer 24

traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader