The aftermath of the Terror Flashcards
1
Q
How did the Thermidorian’s dismantle the machinery of the Terror throughout 1794 and 1795 ?
A
- July 1794 : Moderates filled the spaces on the CPS and CGS
- August : The law of Prairial was repealed, reduction in powers of the Paris Commune and central government (Law on revolutionary government)
- Nov : The Jacobin club was shut down
- Dec : Law of general Maximum repealed
- Feb 1795 : restrictions on catholic practice still existed
- April/May : Representatives en mission and revolutionary tribunal were abolished
- Oct : Law of suspects was appealed
- Nov : Paris commune abolished
2
Q
The White Terror (who, what, where, when and results)
A
- The thermidorians took action against the former proponents of the terror (supported by the muscardins)
- Violent action was taken by victims of the Terror towards Jacobins peasants were particularly active in the Vendee and Lyons
- Lyon : May 1795, Jacobin prisoners were taken out of their cells and slaughtered
- Successful in destroying the Jacobin club
- Never as bloody as the great Terror
3
Q
Royalist/reactionary threat caused by the White Terror
A
- 1794/5 : Emigrees returned to France and demanded the return of their property and the restoration of monarchy
- Verona declaration 1795 : Promised the restoration of French monarchy
- Thermidorians diminished the threat through signing treaties, using military action and focusing on domestic affairs
- Quiberon bay rising resulted in 700 emigrees being executed
4
Q
The Paris 1795 risings dates and names
A
- Rising of Germinal (1st April 1795)
- Rising of Prairial (20/21st May 1795)
- Rising of Vendemiaire (5th Oct 1795)
5
Q
Rising of germinal (causes, reaction and results)
A
- Bread rations and fallen to 60g a day in Paris and they demanded the 1793 constitution
- 10,000 unarmed marched to the convention and disrupted debates (demonstration rather than rising)
- Paris was placed under marital law and the insurgents withdrew without resist
- Resulted in an order for disarming in Paris and the Provinces
6
Q
Rising of Prairial
A
- Larger amount of SC women and some armed men marched to the convention and killed a deputy
- Demanded 1793 constitution and new food controls
- Mood became increasingly hostile and forces gathered to confront the crowd although a petition was agreed and signed
- Military forces were called in and 6,000 militants were disarmed and arrested
- Marked the end of the SC being a political force and the army was used against citizens for the first time since the revillon riots (April 1789)
7
Q
Rising of Vendemiare
A
- Royalist rising
- In response to the food shortages and two-thirds law
- 25,000 marched to the convention in order to seize power
- Government troops had and used a cannon and 300 royalist were killed (one of the bloodiest revolutionary journees)
- People of Paris didn’t attempt to intimidate an elected assembly until 1830