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History test October 3 > the act of union > Flashcards

the act of union Flashcards

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1
Q

lord Durham wrote a report and recommended what?

A

the union of the 2 Canadas

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2
Q

why did he think a union would solve the conflict between the French and English?

A

the English would be the majority in the legislative assembly and the French would assimilate

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3
Q

what were the economic reasons as to why he recommended the union?

A

upper canada was in enormous debt because of road and canal construction

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4
Q

who was only able to benefit from custom duties?

A

lower canada

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5
Q

people felt that a union would promote the growth of which type of trade?

A

domestic (internal) trade

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6
Q

when were the Canadas united and what were they called?

A

united canada and in 1840

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7
Q

what was the political structure like after the act of union?

A

there was now a single legislative assembly that had representatives from both upper and lower Canada. it was made up of an equal amount from both regions (42 each)

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8
Q

what did lord durham recommend?

A

responsible government

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9
Q

what is responsible government?

A

a government in which members of the executive council are chosen by the members of the majority party in the legislative assembly

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10
Q

did London accept responsible government?

A

no. the governor and councils continue to hold the same roles and powers as before (constitutional act)

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11
Q

who could block bills made by who?

A

the governor and legislative council could block bills made by the legislative assembly

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12
Q

how did England still have control over the colony?

A

the governor and legislative council were elected by British people

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13
Q

how come the French canadiens were the minority in the legislative assembly?

A

some of the representatives in the legislative assembly from old lower canada were English

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14
Q

what was the official language of canada?

A

english

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15
Q

after the act of union, the politicians were divided into what two groups?

A

the conservatives (tories) and the reformers

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16
Q

who were the reformers?

A

they wanted change. Canada east: mostly French and some English. Canada West: English

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17
Q

what were the reformers demands and positions?

A

they were supported by the professional bourgeoisie. they demanded responsible gvt and wanted to protect the rights of French canadiens.

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18
Q

who were the conservatives?

A

English Canadian members and 2 French Canadian members

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19
Q

what were the conservatives demands and positions?

A

were supported by British business class. didn’t want political change because they had influence over institutions with appointed members (governor and council).

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20
Q

when was the alliance of reformers?

A

1841

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21
Q

who was Robert Baldwin?

A

leader of the reform party in canada west (upper canada, English)

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22
Q

who was Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine?

A

leader of reform party in Canada east (lower canada, English)

23
Q

why did Louis and Robert form an alliance?

A

give greater weight to their political demands

24
Q

when did the reformers get a majority in the legislative assembLY?

A

1842

25
Q

why did the French reformers offer to help the English reformers?

A

because then the English would protect the French language and culture

26
Q

what is protectionism?

A

an economic policy instituted by the government in order to protect the economy of a country or empire from foreign competition

27
Q

why was protectionism bad for merchants?

A

British merchants would pay too much for their resources that they could get somewhere else

28
Q

when did Britain end the protectionist policy and what was abolished?

A

in 1846 and the corn laws were abolished

29
Q

because protectionism was abolished, what was the disadvantage of the colonies?

A

they had to compete with foreign markets to sell their resources to Britain

30
Q

by ending the protectionist policy, the colony became more what?

A

autonomous economically and politically

31
Q

what happened in 1848?

A

the Baldwin Lafontaine alliance won the majority of the seats in the legislative assembly

32
Q

if a member of the executive council lost support from the legislative assembly, what did they member have to do?

A

they had to resign

33
Q

members of the legislative council were appointed by who?

A

by the governor on recommandation of the executive council

34
Q

how come the parliamentary system was still not democratic?

A

because the governor still had the power to veto

35
Q

what were the 2 laws that the reform alliance that were to the advantage of the French canadiens?

A

amnesty: grants a pardon

a law compensating the victims of the rebellions. you received a sum of money if somebody died

36
Q

what were the First Nations like in the province of canada?

A

they had lost their status as a military ally. many of their lands were taken to develop the colony

37
Q

what did governor Charles bagot do to the First Nations?

A

he organized a commission to look into native affairs

38
Q

what were the First Nations affected by?

A

the timber industry and colonization of several regions in Canada West

39
Q

what were created for the First Nations?

A

reserves: territory for the natives that is administered by the Canadian gvt

40
Q

1850-1867 was a period of what?

A

political instability

41
Q

what was the British American territory like before 1867?

A

north western territory and rupperts belonged to the Hudson Bay company.

42
Q

what were the British colonies before 1867?

A

New Brunswick, Newfoundland, pei, and the province of canada

43
Q

each British had its own what?

A

had its own government to manage domestic affairs

44
Q

what happened to the reform alliance?

A

they felt apart and split into two groups

45
Q

what were the two groups that the reform alliance split into?

A

radicals (who wanted change) and moderates (satisfied with the gains)

46
Q

who did the moderates join?

A

conservatives

47
Q

who did the radicals join?

A

the liberals

48
Q

what was the conservatives in Canada east like?

A

they were the parti bleu. leader was George Etienne Cartier and they were business men

49
Q

what was the conservatives like in canada west?

A

they were former tories and moderate reformers. most were English and loyal to the British crown. the leader was John A macodnald

50
Q

what were the liberals like in canada east?

A

they were the parti rouge. were former radicals, wanted independence from Britain, and against the church having a say in gvt.

51
Q

what were the liberals like in Canada west?

A

clear grit party. were formal radical reformers. their leader was George brown

52
Q

what is free trade?

A

Free trade is an economic concept referring to selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers.

53
Q

what were the conservative objectives?

A

wanted to develop the colony and form political and commercial ties with canada

54
Q

what were the liberal objectives?

A

the state and church should be separate

History test October 3 (5 decks)

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