The 78 Organs Familiarization With Additional Detail where Needed

Question 1

Adrenal Glands

Answer 1

Adrenal glands, also known as suprarenal glands, are small, triangular-shaped glands located on top of both kidneys. Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system, blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.

Question 2

Anus

Answer 2

The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It’s at the end of the rectum. It’s where stool comes out of the body. It consists of a muscular ring (called a sphincter), that opens during a bowel movement to allow stool (feces) to pass through, as well as flat cells that line the inside of the anus.

Question 3

Appendix

Answer 3

The appendix is a narrow, finger-shaped pouch that projects out from the colon. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus. Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your abdomen.

Question 4

Bladder (urinary)

Answer 4

The urinary bladder is a temporary storage reservoir for urine. It is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis, and below the parietal peritoneum. The size and shape of the urinary bladder varies with the amount of urine it contains and with the pressure it receives from surrounding organs.

Question 5

Bones

Answer 5

Bone is a mechanically optimized organ system whose composition and organization reflect the functional demands made upon it. Far from being an inert substance, it is also a living tissue that serves several important functions in the organism.

Question 6

Bone marrow (spongy part of the bone)

Answer 6

The soft, spongy tissue has many blood vessels and is found in the center of most bones. There are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow.

Red bone marrow contains blood stem cells that can become red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets.

Yellow bone marrow is made mostly of fat and contains stem cells that can become cartilage, fat, or bone cells.

Question 7

Brain

Answer 7

The organ inside the head that controls all body functions of a human being. Made up of billions of nerve cells, the brain is protected by the cranium (the bones that form the head). It is made up of three major parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem.

Question 8

Bronchi (tubes in the lungs)

Answer 8

The bronchi are the two large tubes that carry air from your windpipe to your lungs. You have a left and right main bronchus in each lung. After the main bronchi, these tubes branch out into segments that look like tree branches. Many respiratory conditions, such as asthma or bronchitis, can affect your bronchi.

Question 9

Diaphragm (muscle of breathing)

Answer 9

The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.

Question 10

Ears

Answer 10

Your ears are organs that detect and analyze sound. Located on each side of your head, they help with hearing and balance.

Question 11

Esophagus (food pipe)

Answer 11

The food pipe (esophagus) is part of your digestive system. It is the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach. It lies behind the windpipe (trachea) and in front of the spine. At the top of the esophagus, there is a ring of muscle (sphincter).

Question 12

Eyes

Answer 12

Your eyes are organs that allow you to see. They take in light from the world around you and send visual information to your brain. Your eyes can see about 200 degrees in all directions, including in front of you and to the sides (peripheral vision).

Question 13

Fallopian tubes

Answer 13

One of two long, slender tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. Eggs pass from the ovaries, through the fallopian tubes, to the uterus. In the female reproductive tract, there is one ovary and one fallopian tube on each side of the uterus.

Question 14

Gallbladder

Answer 14

Your gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath your liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid called bile that’s released into your small intestine.

Question 15

Genitals

Answer 15

the sexual or reproductive organs located on the outside of the body : genitalia.

Question 16

Heart

Answer 16

The heart is a fist-sized organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It’s the primary organ of your circulatory system. Your heart contains four main sections (chambers) made of muscle and powered by electrical impulses. Your brain and nervous system direct your heart’s function.

Question 17

Hypothalamus (in the brain)

Answer 17

The hypothalamus is an area of the brain that produces hormones that control: Body temperature. Heart rate. Hunger. Mood.

Question 18

Joints

Answer 18

A joint is a point where two bones make contact. Joints can be classified either histologically on the dominant type of connective tissue functionally based on the amount of movement permitted. Histologically the three joints in the body are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

Question 19

Fibrous Joint

Answer 19

a type of joint where the bones are joined by strong fibrous tissue rich in collagen. These joints allow for very little movement (if any) and are often referred to as synarthroses.

Question 20

Cartilaginous Joint

Answer 20

a type of joint where the bones are entirely joined by cartilage, either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage. These joints generally allow more movement than fibrous joints but less movement than synovial joints.

Question 21

Synovial Joint

Answer 21

the type of joint found between bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee). Characteristically it has a joint cavity filled with fluid.

Question 22

Kidneys

Answer 22

Two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine. Healthy kidneys filter about a half cup of blood every minute, removing wastes and extra water to make urine.

Question 23

Large intestine

Answer 23

The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over. By the time food mixed with digestive juices reaches your large intestine, most digestion and absorption has already taken place.

Question 24

Larynx (voice box)

Answer 24

The main function of the larynx is sound production. That’s why it is also known as Sound Box. It facilitates respiration and also protects the lower respiratory tract. Epiglottis covers the upper part of the larynx and prevents food from entering the larynx and trachea.

Question 25

Liver

Answer 25

The liver is the largest solid organ in the body. It removes toxins from the body’s blood supply, maintains healthy blood sugar levels, regulates blood clotting, and performs hundreds of other vital functions. It is located beneath the rib cage in the right upper abdomen.

Question 26

Lungs

Answer 26

Your lungs are the pair of spongy, pinkish-gray organs in your chest. When you inhale (breathe in), air enters your lungs, and oxygen from that air moves to your blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste gas, moves from your blood to the lungs and is exhaled (breathed out).

Question 27

Lymph nodes

Answer 27

(limf node) A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body’s immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease.

Question 28

Mammary glands

Answer 28

A glandular organ located on the chest. The mammary gland is made up of connective tissue, fat, and tissue that contains the glands that can make milk. Also called breast.

Question 29

Mesentery (covering of the intestines)

Answer 29

The mesentery is a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the abdominal wall and holds it in place. Mesenteric lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes in the mesentery.

Question 30

Mouth

Answer 30

The upper opening of the digestive tract, beginning with the lips and contains the teeth, gums, and tongue.

Question 31

Nasal cavity

Answer 31

The space inside the nose. The nasal cavity lies above the bone that forms the roof of the mouth and curves down at the back to join the throat. It is divided into two sections called nasal passages. Air moves through these passages during breathing.

Question 32

Nose

Answer 32

the prominent structure between the eyes that serves as the entrance to the respiratory tract and contains the olfactory organ. It provides air for respiration, serves the sense of smell, conditions the air by filtering, warming, and moistening it, and cleans itself of foreign debris extracted from inhalations

Question 33

Ovaries

Answer 33

One of a pair of female glands in which the eggs form and the female hormones estrogen and progesterone are made. These hormones play an important role in female traits, such as breast development, body shape, and body hair. They are also involved in the menstrual cycle, fertility, and pregnancy.

Question 34

Pancreas

Answer 34

A glandular organ located in the abdomen. It makes pancreatic juices, which contain enzymes that aid in digestion, and it produces several hormones, including insulin. The pancreas is surrounded by the stomach, intestines, and other organs.

Question 35

Pineal gland

Answer 35

A tiny organ in the cerebrum that produces melatonin. Also called the pineal body and pineal organ.

The excretion of melatonin is responsible for sleep cycles.

Question 36

Parathyroid glands

Answer 36

four pea-sized organs found in the neck near the thyroid. The thyroid and parathyroid glands make hormones.

Question 37

Pharynx

Answer 37

The hollow tube inside the neck starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). The pharynx is about 5 inches long, depending on body size. Also called throat.

Question 38

Pituitary gland

Answer 38

A pea-sized organ is attached to the part of the brain called the hypothalamus. It lies at the base of the brain above the back of the nose. The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland, which then makes hormones that control other glands and many of the body’s functions, including growth and fertility.

Question 39

Prostate

Answer 39

A gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the bladder and produces a fluid that forms part of the semen.

Question 40

Rectum

Answer 40

The last several inches of the large intestine closest to the anus.

Question 41

Salivary glands

Answer 41

produce saliva (spit) and empty it into your mouth through ducts, or small openings. They lubricate your mouth and throat, aid in swallowing and digestion, and help shield your teeth from cavity-causing bacteria.

Question 42

Skeletal muscles

Answer 42

skeletal muscle, also called voluntary muscle, in vertebrates, most common of the three types of muscle in the body. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons, and they produce all the movements of body parts in relation to each other.

Question 43

Skin

Answer 43

the body’s largest and primary protective organ, covering its entire external surface and serving as a first-order physical barrier against the environment. Its functions include temperature regulation and protection against ultraviolet (UV) light, trauma, pathogens, microorganisms, and toxins.

Question 44

Small Intestines

Answer 44

A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is about 20 feet long and folds many times to fit inside the abdomen. The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

Question 45

Spinal cord

Answer 45

A column of nerve tissue that runs from the base of the skull down the center of the back. It is covered by three thin layers of protective tissue called membranes. The spinal cord and membranes are surrounded by the vertebrae (back bones).

Question 46

Spleen

Answer 46

An organ that is part of the lymphatic system. The spleen makes lymphocytes, filters the blood, stores blood cells, and destroys old blood cells. It is located on the left side of the abdomen near the stomach.

Question 47

Stomach

Answer 47

a J-shaped organ that digests food. It produces enzymes (substances that create chemical reactions) and acids (digestive juices). This mix of enzymes and digestive juices breaks down food so it can pass to your small intestine. Your stomach is part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.