The 60s and 70s: Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam Flashcards
Who were apart of the first televised debate?
Kennedy and Nixon
détente
a policy that attempts to relax or ease tensions between nations
summit
a meeting between the heads of governement
What did people think was the reason Nixon lost
He had a poor appearance in the televised debates known as looking like a sinister chipmunk
what is Flexible response
fight conventional wars, keep nuclear arms balanced
What happened after the Berlin wall and Cuban Missile crisis.
the tensions almost caused the US and USSR to go to war
What are peace corps?
Vonenterr programs to assist developing nations for 2 years.
what was the Goal of redefining the nuclear strategy
allow the U.S. to fight limited wars around the world while maintaining a nuclear balance of power with the soviets
what is the Alliance for progress
Marshal plan for Latin America. Supported education and schools, built hospitals and promoted health care, helped distribute land
what are some things you can help with in peace corps
education, agriculture, irrigation, sewafe treatment, or health care
what is the Establish hot line
direct phone between the white house and Kremil
what is the limited test ban treaty
called for an end to nuclear testing in the ocean, atmosphere, and space.
What is brinkmanship
pushing the soviets to the brink of war
What is the new frontier
economic, education, medical care for the elderly and poor along with space exploration
What is the unemployment rate in 1960
6%
How was JFK killed
JFK was shot in the neck and then the head, his car was rushed to the hospital
What was left ton the Riffle that was able to be traced back to who
A left palm print was left on the Riffle traced back to Marine
Who was put into office right after JFK died
his vice-president Lyndon Baines Johnson
what is executive order 9981
desegregated the armed force
Morgan v. Virginia
made state laws requiring segregation on busses illegal for instate travel
Brown V. Board of education
separate is not equal
little rock 9
9 high school students that had to be protected by the national guard and US military to go to school
Who founded National Association for the Advancement of colored people (NAACP)
notable founders W.E.B. DuBois and Ida Wells
what does CORE stand for
Council on Racial Equality
What does SCLC stand for
Southern Christian leadership conference
What does SNCC stand for
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
What were methods of Civil rights movement
non-violent protests, boycotts, civil disobedience, legal action
What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott
MLK told African Americans to stop riding the bus they would walk or give each other rides.
What happened to the bus company?
Lost most of their money since most of the passengers where African-American
What were sit-ins
Black students sat in the “white section only” section of lunch counter at Woolworths to protest segregation.
What were Freedom Riders?
African Americans rode busses with whites to check the interstate travel was desegregated
What was the march on Washington?
June 11: Jfk announces he will send the civil rights bill to congress
August 28: 250,000 protestors march on DC to show support
kings I have a dream speach
What is the civil rights act?
Forbid segregation in any public facilities, government, education, and invalidated Jim Crow laws
What was Freedom Summer Project?
June 1964 SNCC wants to register black voters, less than 5% register, over 900 volunteer mainly whites to try register in the south
What was Selma to Montgomery?
March 7 65’: Protest started over African Americans being denied rights in Alabama
March 9th 65’ : 2nd march attempted by MLK
March 21: 3rd march making it to Montgomery
What is the LBJ signs voting rights act of 1956
Authorized federal supervision of voter registration also outlawed all literacy and other discriminatory tests for voter registration.
What is Executive order 11375
policies that take race, ethnicity or gender into consideration to promote equal opportunity or In case ethnic diversity
What is the nation of Islam?
religious organization that was in favor of black separatism Malcolm X became leader in 60’s
who was Stokely Carmichael
was a disillusioned with the slow progress being made believed in “Black Power”
What was the black panthers
believed in armed defense against police and white brutality
When was the assassination of MLK
April 4th 1968 he was shot and killed by James Earl Ray a white segregationist
what is the War on Poverty
funded several new anti-poverty programs, Job corps offered work-training programs for unemployed youth, Vista domestic version of peace corps
What did Kennedy’s tax-cut bill do
congress demanded that the president promise to hold government spending at $100 billion
What was the out come of the Tax Reduction Act in 1964?
nations economy grew by more than 10% and unemployment declined
What was the Great Society?
LBJ’s legislation to end poverty discrimination
what was the elementary and secondary education act
first large scale program of government air to public schools
What is the higher Education Act
created the first federal scholarships for needy college students
What is the head start program
education program for preschool children of low income parents
Medicaid
program that provides free health care for the poor
medicare
health care program for people over 65
What is the public broadcasting act 1967
corporation for public broadcasting, public broadcasting system, national public radion
What is the Omnibus Housing Act
created the department of housing and urban development
Why did the US get involved in the Veitnam war
The US feared of the countries falling to communism
What was done for the enviornment
Laws were passed in improve water and air quality
what is the truth in lending act
requires lenders to disclose inforamtion about all charges and fees associated with a loan
What were the two groups fighting
Viet Minh : North Vietnam’s army
Vietcong: communists, opposition group in the south
What is the Ho Chi Minh Trail
a supply line that ran between north and south Vietnam in jungle terrain
What did the Vietcong use
Tunnel systems
What is operation Rolling thunder
American bombing campaign of north Vietnamese cities
What are the search and destroy missions
find the enemy, bomb them, destroy the supply lines, and force them into the open
What is Napalm
a jelly like substance the bursts into flames and stuck to peoples bodies
What is agent orange
an Herbicide was used to destroy the jungle where the Vietcong were hiding
What was the My Lai massacre
march 16 1968 26 American soldiers stormed My Lai and fired on the defenseless villagers.
What is the New left
opposed the prevailing authority structures in society which it termed
What does the SDS stand for
Students for Democratic Society
What did the SDS do
They became the leading organization of the antiwar movement within college campuses during the Vietnam war
What was one thing people thought about the Vietnam war
They felt the war was not a worthwhile cause and that the enemy posed no threat to the United States
What happened at Kent state
protests erupted in response the the invasion of Cambodia national guard was sent in to stop the national guard throw tear gas to get the students to leave four killed nine wounded
What is counterculture
a reaction against social Norma’s
What did the counterculture want
more equality, breaking social norms
What is the Latino Movement
Latinos fought for equal rights (typically on a local level) The population started growing because of LBJ immigration act
Who is Cesar Chavez
he saw that many latinos worked for low pay as migrant farm workers
What did Indians refuse to do
They refused to change their traditional lives to be more American
What did Native Americans want
They wanted more control of their tribes
What does AIM stand for
American Indian Movement
What did AIM do
lead a march to DC and occupied the Bureau of Indian affairs calling for it to be abolished
What does NOW stand for
National Organization for Women (wanted true equality for women)
What does ERA stand for
Equal Rights Amendment
What was the ERA for
it was an amendment to guarantee equal rights for all Americans regardless of sex
What is the higher education Act
Banned discrimination in education and sports
What is the equal opportunity credit Act
made it illegal to deny a woman credit because of her gender
What percent of women are working now
60%
What is the Lavender scare
based on ideas of what was “unAmerican” and led to the dismissal of anyone assumed to be gay from their government jobs
