The 19th Century

Question 1

What is the acronym for characteristics of popular recreation?

Answer 1

ARFLOWS

Question 2

what are the 6 characteristics of popular recreation

Answer 2

aggressive and male dominated
rural
functional
local
occasional
wagering occurred
simple unwritten rules

Question 3

what are characteristics of pre-industrial society (7 marks)

Answer 3

communications and transport was limited
widespread illiteracy
cruel/ violent way of life/ lower class upper class line in luxury and comfort
very limited free time working long hours and seasonal time
class divisions clearly existed- based on feudal system
people lived in countryside and rural areas
affected sport- long hours meant to tired to play sport.

Question 4

mob football characteristics (8 marks)

Answer 4

played by the lower classes- reflecting the clear division of society into two tiers
a localised form of activity- due to limited transport being available
rural in nature
a simple game- reflected a simple society
natural- played in the fields, making use of natural resources
played occasionally- due to long working hours
male dominant and highly violent- limited rules and regulations
eventually banned- by local authorities

Question 5

real tennis characteristics (8 marks)

Answer 5

Was an exclusive activity
Courtly and royal in nature- played by the upper class males
Civilized- included a high moral code
Played on a regular basis- due to lots of free time for upper classes.
IN expensive, purpose built facilities with specialist equipment.
Non-local in nature- upper classes had the ability to travel
A way of the upper classes showing their superiority over the lower class

Question 6

what do you know about athletics in pre-industrial Britain (7 Marks)

Answer 6

Took the form of an activity known as ‘foot racing’ (or ‘pedestrianism’).
Consisted of footmen competing against each other with the gentry wagering on them.
Developed into running races
Success in athletics meant increased social status for a ‘gentleman’.
So the gentry were happy to act as patrons to the working class performers.
The gentry set up races and provides prize money for success.

Question 7

what do you know about ‘The Wenlock Olympic Games’ (6 Marks)

Answer 7

Forerunner to the modern Olympic Games
Set up to promote moral and physical and intellectual improvements.
Founder= Dr William Penny Brookes
First held in 1850
A mixture of athletics, quoits, football, cricket, running, the hurdles, and cycling.
Barron pierre du coubertin visited it in 1890 and went on to establish the IOC and Modern Olympic Games.

Question 8

what do you know about the development of rational recreation (5 Marks)

Answer 8

In pre-industrial Britain, the sports pastimes for the masses were termed as ‘popular recreation’ activities (e.g. mob football)
As Britain changed into an industrially based society, sports and pastimes developed in a number of different ways, reflecting such societal changes.
The activities participated in were termed as ‘rational recreation’.
The term suggests that a level of order, logic and structure, began to be applied to sports, reflecting a more ordered industrially based society.
The purpose of the this next section is therefore to identify and explain a number of socio-cultural factors which led to mass sport, in such a society.

Question 9

what are the social and cultural influences (1780-1900)

Answer 9

The industial revolution
Urbanisation
The transport revolution
Communicatons
The influence of the church
The emergence of a middle class society
The british empire
Public provision
The development of NGB’s