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US History II > The 1960s > Flashcards

The 1960s Flashcards

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1
Q

What did US do to fight communist presence in Cuba?

A
  • US trained cuban rebels
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2
Q

What was the U-2 Incident, 1960?

A

US pilot flew over Russia and was shot down

  • Pilot was supposed to kill himself and destroy the plane (he didn’t)
  • Nikita Khrushchev confronts US over caught pilot
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3
Q

Who was involved in the Election of 1960?

A
  • Nixon Vs Kennedy
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4
Q

How was the relationship between Nixon and JFK?

A

JFK and Nixon are friends in private life; both had served in Senate

  • Both hate liberals
  • Both are moderate
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5
Q

What were some of the unique circumstances of the JFK/Nixon debates?

A

Probably decided election
- First time debates are televised (radio up to that point)
- 70 million watch debate
- Debated on 1) domestic issues 2) foreign issues and 3) Cuba
- Nixon had been in the hospital after injuring his leg; lost some weight and didn’t
fit his suit as well
- Public opinion was decisive depending on how the debate was experienced
(radio vs tv)
- JFK wins by .2%

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6
Q

What characterized JFK’s presidency?

A

Youngest President in history

- Brings a lot of energy, enthusiasm, and style

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7
Q

What was The New Frontier (domestic)?

A

Divided into domestic and international

  • Domestic:
  • Boost economy
  • Provide for national defense
  • Boost space program
  • Controlled monopoly prices
  • Raised minimum wage
  • Domestic failure:
  • Race relations
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8
Q

What was The New Frontier (international )?

A

Increase money and aid
- Creates peace corps (sends Americans to 3rd world countries)
- Passively fighting communism
- Creates Alliance for Progress (for latin american countries; meant to helps with
education and health)
- Increased troop presence across the world
- Partial Test Ban Treaty
- Bans certain amount of testing with nuclear weaponry
- Bans atmospheric testing

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9
Q

Describe the space program under JFK

A

Sets goal of putting man on the moon by 1970

  • Gives more money to NASA
  • Man on the moon by 1969
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10
Q

Describe the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962

A

Cubans decide to push Kennedy
- Soviets put missiles in Cuba
- Didn’t need to be that close; was a power play
JFK blockades Cuba
- Gives ultimatum to Soviets: remove missiles or else
- Soviets agree to JFK terms, but on condition that US removes missiles from Turkey (US
agrees)

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11
Q

What was the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty?

A

Bans all testing of nukes above ground

  • Ocean testing is ok
  • US starts testing at Bikini Islands
  • Spongebob is from here
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12
Q

Where and how was JFK assassinated?

A
  • Dallas
  • JFK dies instantly
  • Killed by Lee Harvey Oswald
  • LHO says he’s a “patsy” and will explain everything in open court
  • Jack Ruby kills LHO on way to courthouse
  • Ruby doesn’t give reason and quickly pleads guilty
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13
Q

What were some key events of the Civil Rights Movement?

A

Sit-ins
Freedom Rides
University Violence
March on Washington

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14
Q

What were sit-ins?

A
  • Blacks would go to segregated areas like restaurants and theaters and demanding
    service
  • First was at a diner counter in Greensboro
  • These were peaceful/non-violent protests
  • Advocated by MLK Jr
  • Exercises free speech right
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15
Q

What were the freedom rides?

A

Demanded desegregation at bus stations (and on buses)
- Were sometimes met with violence
- Event in Anniston
- Protesters follow bus and slash tires
- Followed the bus until it broke down, protesters set bus on fire and held door
closed
- Undercover FBI agent pulled out a gun and told them to release the door
- Freedom riders escaped from bus, but were badly beaten (FBI agent too)
- Whites supporting riders were targeted for being race traitors

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16
Q

What happened at U of Mississippi?

A

U of Mississippi was first to integrate in 1962

  • First student to enroll was James Meredith
  • Thousands hear of his enrollment and show up with weapons to intimidate Meredith
  • Meredith was shot, but still went to class
  • Riots broke out and 2 people were killed
  • Governor of Alabama George Wallace is against integration in his own state
  • “Stand in the schoolhouse door”
  • Gives speech about importance of segregation
  • (he did move when fed marshalls showed up)
17
Q

What was the March on Washington?

A

“Martin Luther King’s March on Washington for jobs and…something else”

  • MLK gave famous speech
  • Ask for brown vs board (from 1953) to be observed
  • Goals:
  • Meaningful civil rights legislation
  • Protection from police brutality
  • 2 dollar minimum wage
  • Self-government for Washington DC (Congress makes rules for DC)
  • 250,000 people marched
  • Line “free at last, free at last” refers to all people once we move past racism
  • March is considered a huge success
18
Q

Describe LBJ’s Great Society

A 
Was VP who succeeded JFK
- Didn’t like each other
- Uses Kennedy as a Martyr to get legislation passed
- Used slogan “let us continue” even though nothing he wanted to do was a continuation
of Kennedy’s plans
- Johnson Treatment
- Pulled out his dick a lot
- Met with people while he was peeing
19
Q

Describe the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

A

No more discrimination based on racial, ethnic, national, religious minorities, and women
in all public schools workplaces, and accommodations
- Creates office of economic opportunity (enforced employment side of Civil Rights Act)
- Bill sounds great, but it was 2,000 pages long
- Opponents (not all racists) said this could bring back bussing (black kids would have to
go to schools outside of their district in order to meet quotas)
- amendments added to counteract this
- Despite this, bussing implemented in some counties 2 years later
- Both and whites are bussed around to meet quotas
- Leads to mass migration of people out of certain districts
- Suburbs!
- Known as “white flight”
- Not really racially-motivated, all who had means moved, even blacks (but
most who had wealth were white)
- In TX, ISDs were “independent” because they didn’t have to abide by
bussing rules
- Leads to collapse of inner city
- FYI, people self-segregate, but do so based on class first (then race)
- People hesitate to talk about negative social outcomes of Civil Rights Act

20
Q

What was the Economic Opportunity Act?

A

“War on Poverty” says LBJ

  • LBJ thought the govt could spend people out of poverty
  • Job Corps
  • Only one out of 20 some-odd programs that wasn’t terrible
  • Aimed to trained young adults and prepare them for (usually trade-oriented) jobs
  • Required participants to have clean record
  • Kind of worked
21
Q

Who faced off in the election of 1964?

A

LBJ vs Barry Goldwater

22
Q

What characterized election of 1964?

A

Goldwater was total opposite of LBJ; wanted to roll back all LJB programs, even civil
rights act
- LBJ wins easily
- This leads to the rise of Reagan

23
Q

How did Reagan get into political spotlight?

A

Gives speech at RNC and claims he didn’t leave Dem party, they left him

  • Speech is cordial; refers to “democratic friends”
  • Named “the great communicator”
  • Becomes governor of CA
24
Q

Describe the Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

Govt looks into areas with low voter turnout and encourages people to vote
- The LAST civil rights act of the era

25
Q

What was Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)?

A

Gave money ($1 billion) to school programs
- Never really organized program and didn’t have accountability, so money didn’t
really go to any poverty-stricken areas

26
Q

What programs were a part of the Great Society?

A

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Medicare
Medicaid

27
Q

What is medicare?

A

For 65 and older
- For older citizens to pay for doctor and hospital bills
- 100% coverage for hospital bills, copay for doc visit
involves a ton of paperwork and are rife with fraud

28
Q

What is medicaid?

A
  • For people below poverty line

involves a ton of paperwork and are rife with fraud

29
Q

Water Quality Act

A
  • Determines what could be dumped into water
30
Q

Air Quality Act

A
  • Didn’t really work
31
Q

What lead to creation of BPA?

A

Failure of the two quality acts above lead Nixon to create EPA

US History II (2 decks)

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