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Post-Classical History > The 14th Century > Flashcards

The 14th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

What is morbidity and how did it impact the people of the 14th century?

A

Morbidity is the fascination with death, and it created the notion that death was lurking everywhere

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2
Q

What did the people of the 14th century believe about the apocalypse?

A

The belief was that the apocalypse wouldn’t come during the millennium, but during the 14th century

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3
Q

How many people were in Europe in 1300?

A

Approx. 74 million

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4
Q

What is the estimated number of population in Europe that died before the Black Death, and what was the cause?

A

Approx. 13% of the population died before the Black Death, due to starvation and climate change

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5
Q

What kind of abnormalities did chronic malnutrition lead to?

A

The brain wouldn’t develop properly
Vitamin D deficiency
Bone weakness

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6
Q

How did climate change disrupt/effect economic growth?

A

Prices increased, therefore people in certain areas of the city wouldn’t be able to afford them
People either had to leave the city and try to find a better place to live (economic wise)

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7
Q

What is a consequence of climate change?

A

People starved to death

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8
Q

What year was the Great Hunger?

A

1315-1317

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9
Q

What happened to the population during the Great Hunger?

A

Approx 10% of the population died during this time

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10
Q

What is the difference between a pandemic and an epidemic outbreak?

A

Pandemic: worldwide and highly contagious
Epidemic: contained outbreak, usually within a nation

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11
Q

What contributes to the outbreak of the epidemic in the 14th century?

A

Malnutrition

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12
Q

What year did the Black Plague begin?

A

1347-1350

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13
Q

What was the most successful trade town that did not recover from the plague?

A

Sienna

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14
Q

After Sienna’s demise, which city became the main Renaissance town?

A

Florence

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15
Q

What date did the plague leave central Europe?

A

September 1348

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16
Q

What date the plague die out?

A

December 1350

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17
Q

Name one example caused by the plague that caused the disease to spread more

A

Public spaces (like bath houses) closed, which led to people eventually becoming very dirty and smelly, which led to more diseases

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18
Q

What would happen if someone violated the quarantine?

A

They would be arrested as they are endangering the community

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19
Q

Who created the Dance of Death?

A

Hans Holbein, the court painter of Henry VIII

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20
Q

What is the difference between Church and Faith?

A

Church = institution, failed in the time of crisis as they were closed to the public
Faith = belief, lives on through people that have learned to worship within themselves

21
Q

How would priests spread the disease?

A

By going house to house performing baptisms, weddings, etc.

22
Q

What led to the Catholic Reformation?

A

The pope did not give hope to the people during the time of the plague, and people lost faith in him

23
Q

What was one of the first things taught in universities?

A

Medicine

24
Q

What is the Miasma theory and how long did it exist for?

A

Miasma is the theory that there is something evil in the atmosphere.
This theory existed until the 19th century

25
Q

Is Miasma a reliable theory?

A

No, it is a contagion theory, not a reliable theory

26
Q

Who was payed to patrol the city during the time of the plague?

A

Criminals

27
Q

What happened to people who were ‘plague spreaders’?

A

They were burned alive

28
Q

What happened to people who were suspected of being sick?

A

They were victims of prophylactic murder

29
Q

What is Strasbourg?

A

It is a French city and a very successful trade town

30
Q

What did the Jewish people of Strasbourg have to do before leaving the city?

A

They had to sign over all their properties and get rid of all the money lending records

31
Q

What was considered to be the first holocaust of the Jews, and what year was did it occur?

A

The death of the Jews of Strasbourg on February 14 1349

32
Q

Why did the wealth of the Jewish population make the Christians of Strasbourg nervous?

A

There was an irrational fear that the plague was a punishment from God
To focus on materialism is a sin in Christianity
The people of Strasbourg blamed the money lenders (Jewish people)
This led to the Christians wanting to remove all Jewish people from Strasbourg

33
Q

When does Osman I die?

A

1326

34
Q

What year did the Battle of Kosovo happen?

A

1389

35
Q

What years did the 100 Years War begin and end?

A

1328-1431

36
Q

Why did the 100 Years War start?

A

The war started as a territorial conflict between England and France

37
Q

Regarding the troops, what problems were present after the 100 Years War?

A

There was a problem of feeding and paying the troops after the war

38
Q

What claim did Edward III make regarding his bloodline?

A

He claimed to be of royal blood in France. If that was the case, he would not submit to another French king. He makes the claim that he is also in line to be the French King

39
Q

Who is known as the Black Prince?

A

Edward IV, son of Edward III

40
Q

What does Edward IV do?

A

He made sure that his men laid waste to towns
They would burn towns to the ground to make sure that the following French troops would have nothing to live off of

41
Q

What is the Scorched Earth Tactic?

A

It involves burning the surrounding areas that hold anything that following troops might be able to survive off of

42
Q

What is an effigy?

A

Something that glorifies a person and allows people to be able to identify them by how they are represented

43
Q

What did Edward IV’s effigy look like?

A

He has symbolic imagery on his body designed to identify him (Fleur de Lis)
Sword looks like a Latin cross

44
Q

What happened to those who survived the plague?

A

Those who survived believed that there was a reason that they survived
Believed that they had a holy mission

45
Q

What profession did the plague increase?

A

After the plague, there was a rise in the medical profession

46
Q

After the Plague: Economic aspects

A

More food to go around since there were less people
New diversity
New jobs (longbow men, prostitutes, healer, etc.)

47
Q

After the Plague: Social Aspects

A

New Competition
Middle-Class emerged
Social class now included; nobles, commercial civilians, the poor

48
Q

After the Plague: Political

A

Political consolidation
Towns and various governments attempt to take power and gain independence for themselves

Post-Classical History (12 decks)

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