THE

Question 1

Etuaptmumk in Mi’kmaw

Answer 1

two eyed seeing

Question 1

the previous approach to indigenous knowledge and western

Answer 1

integrating IK into WSK
IK supporting WSK
“IK as a add on”

Question 2

IK VS WSK

Answer 2

IK: oral, qualitatie, holistic, intuitve
WSK: written, quantitative, focus on inv parts, analytical

culture value WSK more

Question 3

history of bad reseearch practice in indigenous communites

Answer 3

-fly in fly out behaviour
-data not returned
-rude
-ultimate power is who holds veto on decisions

Question 4

new approaches to research in indigenous communities

Answer 4

-knowledge co existance
- collaborative research
- community based research
- involvement in probelem selection and methods, data analysis

Question 5

example of co management

Answer 5

-indigenous fisheries management board
-porcupine caribou management board
-gwitch’in renewable resource board

Question 6

Two eyed seeing

Answer 6

encourages Co- management

Question 7

Co management definitions

Answer 7

• arrangements where government with jurisdictions over resource and groups agree to cover different geological areas
• degrees of power and responsibility sharing between gov and local coms

Question 8

who is henry lewis and what did he argue

Answer 8

that hunters and gatherers shape environment through specifically fire
(fires of spirng)

Question 9

what is spring burning

Answer 9

-resource managemnet and environmental manipulation

Question 10

benefits of spring burning

Answer 10

-increase winter forage
-maintain biodiversity
-initiate early plant growth

Question 11

controlled buring uses

Answer 11

-fireproof settlements
-improve hunting/ trapping
-berries
- clear trees
-reduce insect pop
-firewood

Question 12

differences in indigenous and western worldview nature

Answer 12

○ Western view understands natural environment as a set of resources
-Indigenous understand as a series of enduring relationships

Question 13

why is western approach to land use limited

Answer 13

-focus on land over water
- focus on resource more than relationship

Question 14

tenure

Answer 14

right to hold something

Question 15

what are the goals of the tenure reforms

Answer 15

-encourage greater indigenous participation in forestry
-economic development opportunities

Question 16

Bill C-15

Answer 16

Act respecting undrip
-measures to align federal laws with UNDRIP
-prepare and implement action plan
-annual reports on progress

Question 17

philosophy of fire bw ik and wsk
what do they think about controlling nature

Answer 17

fire suppression by WSK –> myth that nature can be controlled
IK–> dual nature of forest both creative and destructive –> role is balance between opposing forces, not controlling nature

Question 18

Alberta forest act
what are the forms of forest tenure
what about indigenous

Answer 18

3 major forms of forest tenure:
Forest Management Agreement, Timber Quota, Timber Permit
indigenous: sub divided, but no major Forest management agreements

Question 19

community forest benefits
What level management?

Answer 19

municiple level management
-restored access to trad territ
-increased neighbourliness
-experience and education
-reflect indigenous values

-governance partnership- decisions tgthr
- Indigenous presence on CF boards
-cooperative plannign
-jobs

Question 20

garry merkel
earth based land ethic vs monetary

Answer 20

earth based:
-humans do not own
-everything equal
-take what is neede
-provide voice to those w/o voices

Monetary
-land as resource to be extracted
-human supremacy

Question 21

Rules that keep relationships healthy

Answer 21

wahkohtowin

Question 22

wahkohtowin
What does it mean

Answer 22

-means kinship
rules
-respect water, and the land
-tobacco
-fasting
-taking only what you need

Question 23

respectful relationships from an Indigenous perspective

Answer 23

wahkohtowin
-treat land and water with respect
-live in sustainable ways

Question 24

Rights of nature what is is response to? what are its transformative changes?

Answer 24

-The idea that nature possesses fundamental rights ○ Response to the failure of environmental law to address ecological crisis -Gives nature legal standing, and can be defended in court by employed Guardianship bodies, who act as stewards -change: nature not a human property, as a right bearing entity

Question 25

rights of nature pushbacks

Answer 25

-can be nullified by higher lvls of court -implementation challenges -minimal funds for enforcements

Question 26

IPBES

Answer 26

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Question 27

IPBES what does it do

Answer 27

- Strengthen the science policy on issues related to biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human well being - Recognizes the importance of indigenous and local knowledge alongside scientific knowledge - Established 2012

Question 28

Biological diversity:

Answer 28

Variety of life on earth, including the diversity of species, genetic diversity, and ecosystem

Question 29

Ni Hat’ni Dene

Answer 29

watchers of the land

Question 30

* Indigenous Guardians

Answer 30

○ Gather information for elders to make informed decisions ○ Care for the land, protect ecological integrity ○ Make sure hunters arent poaching ○ Foster economic opportunity

Question 31

IPCA

Answer 31

Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas

Question 32

what is an ipca Importance?

Answer 32

○ A area managed and led by indigenous people ○ It is an important step in reconciliation ○ Encourage presence of indigenous on land ○ Continuation of culture and language

Question 33

Inuit experiences of climate change

Answer 33

- Climate change is a human right issue ○ It is hard to tell forecast now ○ It is a lot warmer ○ Increased number of bears ○ Thin ice when hunting ○ Glaciers melted and dissapeared which means less drinking water

Question 34

handgames

Answer 34

§ A game of trickery, mind games § Guess which hand stone is § Some cultures don’t allow women to play

Question 35

Sundance

Answer 35

- Honour bison by dancing and performing sacred ceremonies - Dancers sacrifice by fasting four days and piercing to the tree - Attend to support dancers and receive healing prayers - Banned by law through indian act 1885

Question 36

UNDRIP

Answer 36

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Statement of Indigenous rights;

Question 37

why is undrip important?

Answer 37

● Declaration highlights the rights of indigenous peoples to own, use, develop, and control their traditional lands, -It aims to protect them from forced displacement and dispossession. ● Free prior and informed consent (FPIC): Emphasizes the principle of FPIC which requires that Indigenous Peoples be consulted and give their consent before any activity that may affect their lands or resources

Question 38

docterine of discovery

Answer 38

-Canada’s claim over the land rests in this Doctrine of Discovery. ● This claim nullifies Indigenous sovereignty, however, Indigenous claim that their sovereignty is unaffected by this. -Terra Nullius (empty land) is a wrong assumption of the permission given to claim land

Question 39

what is IK

Answer 39

A cumulative body of knowledge, practice and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and handed down through generations by cultural transmission, about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with one another and with their environment multidimentional

Question 40

Indigenous Guardians Programs all have a common goal:

Answer 40

enacting and strengthening Aboriginal and Treaty rights to lands and waters

Question 41

indigenous law

Answer 41

-building citizen ship, responsibility, and governance -challenging oppressions -safety and protection -lands and resources and external political relations with other indigenous peoples as well as the state

Question 42

Orality definition

Answer 42

Verbal expression of thoughts and ideas in cultures with no literacy

Question 43

Oral tradition

Answer 43

-Form of human communication where knowledge, art, ideas, and cultural material is recieved, percieved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another through speech or song