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Thalamus > Thalamus Anatomy > Flashcards

Thalamus Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Most ventral part of Diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Medial boundary of thalamus

A

3rd ventricle

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3
Q

Division of Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus
Ventral thalamus
Dorsal Thalamus

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4
Q

Largest thalamic division

A

Dorsal thalamus

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5
Q

Pineal and habenular nuclei belongs to what division of thalamus

A

Epithalamus

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6
Q

Location of pulvinar nucleus

A

dorsal to MGB and LGB

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7
Q

What separates caudate nucleus to pulvinar nucleus

A

Stria Medullaris

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8
Q

This is a 2 gray masses forming triangular eminence on dorsomedial surface of thalamus

A

Habenular nuclei

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9
Q

This margin is the attachment of stria medullaris to habenular nuclei

A

Tenia Thalami

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10
Q

What is the only nucleus that terminates exclusively in the medial interpeduncular nucleus

A

Habenular nuclei

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11
Q

What are the fibers that arise in Stria medullaris

A

Anterior thalamic nuclei
Lateral pre-optic nuclei
Septal Nuclei

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12
Q

Function of the later habenular nucleui

A

Functional interface between limbic and motor system

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13
Q

Function of Medial habenuclar nuclei

A

Contains cholinergic neurons

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14
Q

Melatonin is secreted from

A

Serotonin

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15
Q

This is a neurosensory photoreceptor elements that become predominantly secretory cells

A

Pinelocytes

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16
Q

Location of Pineal gland

A

Roof of 3rd ventricle in the posterior commisure

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17
Q

This separates anterior, medial and lateral nuclear thalamic groups

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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18
Q

Centromedian belong to what nuclear group

A

intralaminar nuclear group

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19
Q

Lateral nuclear group is divided to

A

Ventral and Dorsal

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20
Q

Ventral nuclear group includes:

A

VPN VLB and VA

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21
Q

Dorsal thalamic nucleus include

A

Pulvinar
Lateral posterior
Lateral dorsal nucleus

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22
Q

This nucleus contains the mediodorsal nucleus

A

Medial nuclear groul

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23
Q

MDN is related to what structure

A

frontal lobe

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24
Q

What structure separates by internal medullary lamina

A

Splits to surround the centromedian into 2 halves (mediodorsal)

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25
Q

This nucleus is located outside the external medullar band

A

Reticular nucleus of thalamus

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26
Q

This pertains to Metathalamus

A

LGB and MGB

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27
Q

Anterior nuclear groups location

A

Dorsal surface of the most rostral part of thalamus

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28
Q

Direct hippocampal projection

A

Fornix to Thalamus

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29
Q

Function of anterior nuclear group

A

Critical for encoding memory and sustaining attention

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30
Q

Medial Nuclear Group includes

A

Mediodorsal and Dorsomedial

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31
Q

This nuclei occupies the most area between internal medullary lamina and periventricular gray matter

A

Mediodorsal nucleus

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32
Q

Major source of basal forebrain afferent of mediodorsal nucleus

A

Ventral pallidum

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33
Q

Ansa peduncularis consist of

A

Inferior thalamic peduncle
Fibers of amygdaloid complex
Preopticohypothalamic region

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34
Q

Lesion of Mediodorsal nucleus

A

Decrease emotional responsiveness and anterograde amnesia

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35
Q

These are nuclei within the internal medullar lamina

A

Intralaminar Nuclear Groups

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36
Q

Includes the Intralaminar nuclear groups (Rostral)

A

Paracentral nucleus
Central lateral nucleus
Central Nucleus

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37
Q

Internal medullary lamina completely surrounded the centromedian nucleus except

A

Medial borders

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38
Q

location of centromedian nucleus

A

Between DMN and VP nucleus

39
Q

Intralaminar nuclei will project to what layer of the cortex

A

V

40
Q

Heavy thalamic projection of the GPi

A

centromedian

41
Q

Thalamic projection of Deep Cerebellar Nuclei

A

Central lateral

Parafascicular

42
Q

Lateral Dorsal Nucleus projects to what area

A

Posterior parietal cortex

Posterior cingulate

43
Q

This is a thalamic nucleus that has no myelin fiber

A

Lateral posterior nucleus

44
Q

Division of Pulvinar Nucleus

A

Pars oralis - between VPL and CM
Pars inferior - between MGB and LGB
Pars lateralis - along the ELM
Pars medialis - medial half of pulvinar

45
Q

Afferent of pulvinar nucleus

A

Superior colliculus (superficial layer)

46
Q

Projection of pulvinar nucleus

A

Inferior pulvinar - Area 17 and 18 (extrageniculate)
Lateral pulvinar - temporal cortex
Medial Pulvinar - Superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule

47
Q

What innervates Parvicellular Ventral Anterior

A

GPi

48
Q

What innervates VAmc

A

Substantia Nigra

49
Q

Connection of the following
Area 6
Area 8

A

Area 6 : VApc

Area 8 : VAmc

50
Q

Major pallidal projection of ventrolateral nucleus

A 
Pars oralis (VLo)
Pars medialis (VLm)
51
Q

This is the largest somatic relay nucleus of thalamus

A

Ventral Posterior

52
Q

Other name for Ventral Posterior

A

Ventrobasal complex

53
Q

2 division of VPL

A

VPLo (oralis)

VPLc (caudalis)

54
Q

Afferent of VPLo

A

deep cerebellar nuclei

55
Q

Projection of VPLo

A

Area 4

56
Q

Afferent of VPLc

A

Sc

somatosensory nuclei in medulla

57
Q

Projection of VPLc

A

Medial lemniscus

58
Q

pathway for secondary gustatory fibers

A

Nucleus solitarius –> ipsilateral central tegmental tract –> VPMpc

59
Q

This structure separates pretectum and medial nucleus of pulvinar

A

Nucleus limitants

60
Q

Posterior nuclear groups receives fibers from

A

STT and Medial leminscal fiber

61
Q

Afferent of MGB

A

Inferior colliculus

62
Q

The only distinct laminar organization of MGB

A

Ventral

63
Q

Medial division of MGB terminates to what layer of the cortex

A

Layer I

64
Q

Area 41 organization

A

High tone: medial group

Low tone: lateral and anterior group

65
Q

2 Nuclear Complex of LGN

A

Dorsal LGN

Ventral LGN

66
Q

What nuclear complex is the major relay for visual system

A

Dorsal LGN

67
Q

ventral LGN is also known as

A

Pregeniculate Nucleus

Do not extend to visual system

68
Q

2 division of 6 layers of dorsal LGN

A

Layers 1-2 magnocelullar

Layers 3-6 Parvicellular

69
Q

Crossed fiber of LGN

A

1,4 and 6

70
Q

Uncrossed fiber of LGN

A

2,3 and 5

71
Q

Macular representation accounts for how many percent of total LGN volume

A

12%

72
Q

Horizontal meridian correspond to

A

Oblique dorsoventral plane

Medial - superior retinal quadrants
Lateral - inferior retinal quadrants

73
Q

Vertical meridian correspond to

A

Caudal margin of the nucleus from medial to lateral

74
Q

Triadic synaptic arrangement of LGN

A

Dendrites of both LGN

Golgi type 2 interneuron

75
Q

Glomeruli of LGN

A 
Golgi type
Retinal afferents II
Corticogeniculate terminals
Reticular thalamic 
Corticofugal fibers
76
Q

This group of neurons surrounds lateral, superior and anteroinferior aspect of thalamus

A

Reticular nucleus

77
Q

Reticular nucleus is closely related to

A

Zona incerta

Ventral lateral geniculate

78
Q

NT of afferent reticular connection

A

Cholinergic

79
Q

Function of reticular neurons

A

Integrate and gate activities of thalamic neurons

80
Q

basal ganglia has dual entry to reticular thalamic nuclei via

A

SN and GPe

81
Q

Efferent of Reticular Thalamic Nuclei

A

Midbrain Reticular Formation
Superior Colliculus
VPAG

82
Q

This NT occurs in all laminae

A

GABA

83
Q

Excitatory NT of corticofugal of reticular nucleus

A

Glutamate and aspartate

84
Q

Anterior cingulate mediates this what receptor

A

AMPA

85
Q

Anterior limb of IC contains

A

Anterior thalamic radiation

Prefrontal corticopontine

86
Q

Genu contains

A

Corticobulbar and corticoreticular

87
Q

Posterior lum contains

A 
Corticospinal
Frontopontine 
Superior thalamic 
corticotectal 
corticorubral
corticoreticular
88
Q

Superior thalamic radiation is concern with what function

A

General somatic efferent

89
Q

Retrolenticular portion of IC subserves what thalamic radiation

A

Posterior thalamic

90
Q

Sublenticular portion of IC subserves what thalamic radiation

A

Inferior thalamic radiation

91
Q

Synaptic base of
Rods?
Cones

A

Rods : Spherule

Cones: Pedicle

92
Q

Amacrine cell only synapse with

A

Bipolar neurons

93
Q

These retinal cells serves to modify trnasmission across the synaptic layer

A

Horizontal and amacrine

94
Q

This cells conveys signal from inner to outer one

A

Interplexiform cells

Thalamus (1 decks)

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