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Thalamus Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Most ventral part of Diencephalon

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

Medial boundary of thalamus

A

3rd ventricle

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3
Q

Division of Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus
Ventral thalamus
Dorsal Thalamus

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4
Q

Largest thalamic division

A

Dorsal thalamus

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5
Q

Pineal and habenular nuclei belongs to what division of thalamus

A

Epithalamus

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6
Q

Location of pulvinar nucleus

A

dorsal to MGB and LGB

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7
Q

What separates caudate nucleus to pulvinar nucleus

A

Stria Medullaris

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8
Q

This is a 2 gray masses forming triangular eminence on dorsomedial surface of thalamus

A

Habenular nuclei

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9
Q

This margin is the attachment of stria medullaris to habenular nuclei

A

Tenia Thalami

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10
Q

What is the only nucleus that terminates exclusively in the medial interpeduncular nucleus

A

Habenular nuclei

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11
Q

What are the fibers that arise in Stria medullaris

A

Anterior thalamic nuclei
Lateral pre-optic nuclei
Septal Nuclei

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12
Q

Function of the later habenular nucleui

A

Functional interface between limbic and motor system

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13
Q

Function of Medial habenuclar nuclei

A

Contains cholinergic neurons

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14
Q

Melatonin is secreted from

A

Serotonin

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15
Q

This is a neurosensory photoreceptor elements that become predominantly secretory cells

A

Pinelocytes

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16
Q

Location of Pineal gland

A

Roof of 3rd ventricle in the posterior commisure

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17
Q

This separates anterior, medial and lateral nuclear thalamic groups

A

Hypothalamic sulcus

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18
Q

Centromedian belong to what nuclear group

A

intralaminar nuclear group

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19
Q

Lateral nuclear group is divided to

A

Ventral and Dorsal

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20
Q

Ventral nuclear group includes:

A

VPN VLB and VA

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21
Q

Dorsal thalamic nucleus include

A

Pulvinar
Lateral posterior
Lateral dorsal nucleus

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22
Q

This nucleus contains the mediodorsal nucleus

A

Medial nuclear groul

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23
Q

MDN is related to what structure

A

frontal lobe

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24
Q

What structure separates by internal medullary lamina

A

Splits to surround the centromedian into 2 halves (mediodorsal)

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25
This nucleus is located outside the external medullar band
Reticular nucleus of thalamus
26
This pertains to Metathalamus
LGB and MGB
27
Anterior nuclear groups location
Dorsal surface of the most rostral part of thalamus
28
Direct hippocampal projection
Fornix to Thalamus
29
Function of anterior nuclear group
Critical for encoding memory and sustaining attention
30
Medial Nuclear Group includes
Mediodorsal and Dorsomedial
31
This nuclei occupies the most area between internal medullary lamina and periventricular gray matter
Mediodorsal nucleus
32
Major source of basal forebrain afferent of mediodorsal nucleus
Ventral pallidum
33
Ansa peduncularis consist of
Inferior thalamic peduncle Fibers of amygdaloid complex Preopticohypothalamic region
34
Lesion of Mediodorsal nucleus
Decrease emotional responsiveness and anterograde amnesia
35
These are nuclei within the internal medullar lamina
Intralaminar Nuclear Groups
36
Includes the Intralaminar nuclear groups (Rostral)
Paracentral nucleus Central lateral nucleus Central Nucleus
37
Internal medullary lamina completely surrounded the centromedian nucleus except
Medial borders
38
location of centromedian nucleus
Between DMN and VP nucleus
39
Intralaminar nuclei will project to what layer of the cortex
V
40
Heavy thalamic projection of the GPi
centromedian
41
Thalamic projection of Deep Cerebellar Nuclei
Central lateral | Parafascicular
42
Lateral Dorsal Nucleus projects to what area
Posterior parietal cortex | Posterior cingulate
43
This is a thalamic nucleus that has no myelin fiber
Lateral posterior nucleus
44
Division of Pulvinar Nucleus
Pars oralis - between VPL and CM Pars inferior - between MGB and LGB Pars lateralis - along the ELM Pars medialis - medial half of pulvinar
45
Afferent of pulvinar nucleus
Superior colliculus (superficial layer)
46
Projection of pulvinar nucleus
Inferior pulvinar - Area 17 and 18 (extrageniculate) Lateral pulvinar - temporal cortex Medial Pulvinar - Superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule
47
What innervates Parvicellular Ventral Anterior
GPi
48
What innervates VAmc
Substantia Nigra
49
Connection of the following Area 6 Area 8
Area 6 : VApc | Area 8 : VAmc
50
Major pallidal projection of ventrolateral nucleus
``` Pars oralis (VLo) Pars medialis (VLm) ```
51
This is the largest somatic relay nucleus of thalamus
Ventral Posterior
52
Other name for Ventral Posterior
Ventrobasal complex
53
2 division of VPL
VPLo (oralis) | VPLc (caudalis)
54
Afferent of VPLo
deep cerebellar nuclei
55
Projection of VPLo
Area 4
56
Afferent of VPLc
Sc | somatosensory nuclei in medulla
57
Projection of VPLc
Medial lemniscus
58
pathway for secondary gustatory fibers
Nucleus solitarius --> ipsilateral central tegmental tract --> VPMpc
59
This structure separates pretectum and medial nucleus of pulvinar
Nucleus limitants
60
Posterior nuclear groups receives fibers from
STT and Medial leminscal fiber
61
Afferent of MGB
Inferior colliculus
62
The only distinct laminar organization of MGB
Ventral
63
Medial division of MGB terminates to what layer of the cortex
Layer I
64
Area 41 organization
High tone: medial group | Low tone: lateral and anterior group
65
2 Nuclear Complex of LGN
Dorsal LGN | Ventral LGN
66
What nuclear complex is the major relay for visual system
Dorsal LGN
67
ventral LGN is also known as
Pregeniculate Nucleus Do not extend to visual system
68
2 division of 6 layers of dorsal LGN
Layers 1-2 magnocelullar | Layers 3-6 Parvicellular
69
Crossed fiber of LGN
1,4 and 6
70
Uncrossed fiber of LGN
2,3 and 5
71
Macular representation accounts for how many percent of total LGN volume
12%
72
Horizontal meridian correspond to
Oblique dorsoventral plane Medial - superior retinal quadrants Lateral - inferior retinal quadrants
73
Vertical meridian correspond to
Caudal margin of the nucleus from medial to lateral
74
Triadic synaptic arrangement of LGN
Dendrites of both LGN | Golgi type 2 interneuron
75
Glomeruli of LGN
``` Golgi type Retinal afferents II Corticogeniculate terminals Reticular thalamic Corticofugal fibers ```
76
This group of neurons surrounds lateral, superior and anteroinferior aspect of thalamus
Reticular nucleus
77
Reticular nucleus is closely related to
Zona incerta | Ventral lateral geniculate
78
NT of afferent reticular connection
Cholinergic
79
Function of reticular neurons
Integrate and gate activities of thalamic neurons
80
basal ganglia has dual entry to reticular thalamic nuclei via
SN and GPe
81
Efferent of Reticular Thalamic Nuclei
Midbrain Reticular Formation Superior Colliculus VPAG
82
This NT occurs in all laminae
GABA
83
Excitatory NT of corticofugal of reticular nucleus
Glutamate and aspartate
84
Anterior cingulate mediates this what receptor
AMPA
85
Anterior limb of IC contains
Anterior thalamic radiation | Prefrontal corticopontine
86
Genu contains
Corticobulbar and corticoreticular
87
Posterior lum contains
``` Corticospinal Frontopontine Superior thalamic corticotectal corticorubral corticoreticular ```
88
Superior thalamic radiation is concern with what function
General somatic efferent
89
Retrolenticular portion of IC subserves what thalamic radiation
Posterior thalamic
90
Sublenticular portion of IC subserves what thalamic radiation
Inferior thalamic radiation
91
Synaptic base of Rods? Cones
Rods : Spherule | Cones: Pedicle
92
Amacrine cell only synapse with
Bipolar neurons
93
These retinal cells serves to modify trnasmission across the synaptic layer
Horizontal and amacrine
94
This cells conveys signal from inner to outer one
Interplexiform cells

Thalamus (1 decks)

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