TH67 Emergency Procedures

Question 1

Define note

Answer 1

An operating procedure, condition, etc. which is essential to highlight.

Question 2

Land as soon as possible

Answer 2

Land without delay to the nearest suitable area (i.e. open field) in which a safe approach and landing is reasonably assured. The primary consideration is to ensure the survival of the occupants.

Question 3

Emergency actions note

Answer 3

The most important single consideration is helicopter control.

Question 4

Land as soon as practicable

Answer 4

The landing site and duration of the flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area is not recommended. The primary consideration is the urgency of the emergency.

Question 5

Hydraulic power failure

Answer 5

The first indication of hydraulic power failure will be an increase in the force required for control movement; feedback forces will be noticed as well as rate limiting. Control motions will result in normal flight reactions in all respects, except for the increase in force required for control movement. In the event of hydraulic power failure, proceed as follows:

1-Airspeed-Adjust as necessary to attain the most comfortable level of control movements.
2-HYD BOOST circuit breaker-Out. Check for restoration of hydraulic power.

If hydraulic power is not restored:
1-HYD BOOST circuit breaker-In

Warning:
Do not return the hydraulic system switch to the ON position for the remainder of the flight. This prevents any possibility of a surge in hydraulic pressure and the resulting loss of control.

2-Hydraulic system switch-OFF.
3-Land as soon as practicable in an area that will permit a run-on landing.

Question 6

Main drive shaft failure

Answer 6

A failure of the main driveshaft will be indicated by a sudden increase in engine RPM, decrease in rotor RPM, a left yaw, activation of the low RPM audio, and illumination of the rotor RPM light. A transient overspeed of N1 and N2 may occur, but will stabilize. In the event of main driveshaft failure:

Warning:
The engine must remain in operation to provide power to the tail rotor. Failure to maintain engine power will result in loss of aircraft control during the autorotation. Adjust throttle as required to maintain engine RPM within normal limits.

1-Autorotate-Establish a power on autorotation.
2-Emergency shutdown-Accomplish after landing.

Question 7

Autorotate

Answer 7

Adjusting the flight controls as necessary to establish an autorotational descent and landing.
Collective-Adjust as required to maintain rotor RPM 90 to 107%
Pedals-Adjust. Crab or slip as required.
Throttle-Adjust as necessary. Close as required.
Airspeed-Adjust as required.

Question 8

Emergency shutdown

Answer 8

Engine shutdown without delay.
Throttle-Close
Fuel valve switch-OFF.
BATT Switch-OFF as desired. The pilot should consider a mayday call, selecting emergency on the transponder and the possible effects of total electrical failure.

Question 9

Autorotational airspeeds

Answer 9

Airspeed for minimum rate of descent is 52 knots indicated airspeed.

Airspeed for maximum glide distance is 69 knots indicated airspeed.

Question 10

Indications of an engine malfunction, either a partial or complete power loss

Answer 10

Left yaw, drop in engine RPM (N1 and N2), drop in rotor RPM, low rotor RPM audio alarm (steady tone), illumination of the low rotor RPM caution light, and change and engine noise. If the power loss is total, the engine out warning light will activate and an intermittent warbling tone will be heard.

Question 11

Engine failure at a hover

Answer 11

Autorotate.

Emergency shutdown – Accomplish after landing.

Question 12

Engine failure at low altitude, low airspeed, or cruise

Answer 12

Autorotate.

Emergency shutdown-Accomplish during descent if time permits.

Question 13

Engine restart during flight

Answer 13

Caution:
Do not attempt air start above 12,000 feet mean sea level.
The decision to attempt the start will depend on the altitude and time available, rate of descent, potential landing areas, and crew assistance available. Under ideal conditions, approximately 1 minute is required to regain powered flight from the time the attempted start is begun.

Throttle-Close.
Fuel valve switch-On.
Attempt start.
Land as soon as possible.

Question 14

Engine compressor stall

Answer 14

Characterized by a sharp rumble or a series of loud sharp reports, severe engine vibration and a rapid rise in turbine outlet temperature.

Collective-Reduce.
Engine anti-ice and heater switches-OFF
Land as soon as possible.

Question 15

Engine overspeed

Answer 15

Indicated by right yaw, rapid increase in both rotor and engine RPM, and an increase in engine and rotor noise.

Collective-Increase (to load the rotor and sustain engine/rotor rpm below the maximum operating limit).
Throttle-Adjust (until normal operating RPM is attained).
Land as soon as possible. (Perform a power-on approach and landing by controlling the RPM manually with the throttle.)

If RPM cannot be controlled by throttle adjustment:
Autorotate when over a safe landing area.
Emergency shutdown-Accomplish during descent if time permits.

Question 16

Engine underspeed

Answer 16

The collective must be adjusted downward to maintain rotor RPM within limits.
If powered flight with rotor in the green can be accomplished:
Land as soon as possible (in an area that will permit a run on landing).

Should an engine under speed below 90% occur:
Autorotate.
Emergency shutdown-Accomplish during descent if time permits.

Question 17

Engine surges

Answer 17

Governor increase switch-Increase for maximum RPM.
Throttle-Adjust to 97% N2.
Land as soon as possible.

If engine surges are not controlled in the steps above proceed as follows:
Autorotate-When over a safe landing area.
Emergency shutdown-Accomplish during descent if time permits.

Question 18

Fuel boost pump failure

Answer 18

Warning:
Operation with both fuel boost pumps inoperative is not authorized. Due to possible fuel sloshing in unusual attitudes and out of trim conditions and one or both fuel boost pumps are inoperative, the unusable fuel is 10 gallons.

Note:
The engine will operate without boost pump pressure under 6000 feet pressure altitude and one boost pump will supply sufficient fuel for normal engine operations under all conditions of power and altitude. Both fuel boost pumps shall be operating for all normal operations.

Descend to below 6000 feet pressure altitude if possible.
Land as soon as practicable.

Question 19

Low inlet pressure

Answer 19

Low inlet pressure caution light on

ENGINE ALTERNATE AIR SWITCH-OPEN

If caution light remains ON, Land as soon as possible.

If caution light goes out, Land as soon as practicable. Related engine parameters should be monitored frequently until landing.

Question 20

Engine icing

Answer 20

Note:
When anti-ice system is ON, TOT will rise for same power setting.

ENGINE ANTI-ICING switch-ON (if conditions warrant)
TURBINE OUTLET TEMPERATURE-Maintain within limits

Question 21

Low engine oil pressure/High engine oil temperature

Answer 21

If the engine oil pressure is below 50 PSI or the temperature is above 107°C- Land as soon as possible

Question 22

Air conditioning malfunction

Answer 22

Could create a potential emergency involving a failure of the compressor or drive belt that would cause a noticeable vibration or noise.

Air conditioning and fan switch-OFF
Land as soon as practicable.

Question 23

Complete loss of tail rotor thrust

Answer 23

Involves a break in the drive system, such as the severed driveshaft, causing the tail rotor to lose power.

1. If safe landing area is not immediately available, continued powered flight to suitable landing area at or above minimum rate of descent autorotational airspeed.
2. When landing area is reached, make and autorotational landing (throttle closed).
3. Use airspeed above minimum rate of descent airspeed.
4. If run-on landing is possible, complete autorotation with touchdown airspeed as required for directional control.
5. If a run on landing is not possible, start to decelerate from about 75 feet altitude, so that for groundspeed is at a minimum when the helicopter reaches 10 to 20 feet; execute the touchdown with a rapid collective pull just prior to touchdown in a level attitude with minimum ground run.
6. If at a hover perform hovering autorotation.

Question 24

Fixed pitch settings-Reduced power low torque

Answer 24

Indications: the nose of the helicopter will turn right when power is applied.

Procedure:

• If helicopter control can be maintained in powered flight, maintain control with power and accomplish a run-on landing as soon as practicable. Use airspeed, throttle, and collective to reduce the sideslip angle at touchdown.
• If helicopter control cannot be maintained, close throttle immediately and accomplish an autorotational landing.

Question 25

Fixed pitch settings – increased power/high torque

Answer 25

Indications: The nose of the helicopter will turn left when power is reduced. DO NOT AUTOROTATE Procedures: - Maintain control with power and airspeed. Between 40 and 70 knots. - Continue powered flight to a suitable landing area where a run-on landing can be accomplished. - Execute a run-on landing with power and a touchdown speed which will minimize sideslip. Use throttle and collective, as necessary, to control sideslip and heading at touchdown.

Question 26

Fixed pitch settings at a hover

Answer 26

Indication: Helicopter heading cannot be controlled with pedals. Procedure: land.

Question 27

Loss of tail rotor components

Answer 27

Indications: Varying degrees of right yaw depending on power applied and airspeed at the time of failure. Forward center of gravity shift. Procedures: - Enter autorotative descent-throttle closed. - Maintain airspeed above minimum rate of descent airspeed. - If run-on landing is possible, complete autorotation with touchdown airspeed as required for directional control. - If run-on landing is not possible, start to decelerate from about 75 feet altitude, so that for groundspeed is at a minimum when the helicopter reaches 10 to 20 feet; execute the touchdown with the rapid collective pull just prior to touch down in a level attitude with minimum ground run.

Question 28

Explain loss of tail rotor effectiveness and give emergency procedure

Answer 28

Involving a loss of effective tail rotor thrust without a break in the drive system which cannot be stopped with full left pedal application. Simultaneously: - Pedal-Full left. - Cyclic-Forward. - As recovery is affected, adjust controls for normal flight. -If spin cannot be stopped and crash is imminent, an autorotation may be the best course of action. Maintain full left pedal until the spin stops, then adjust to maintain heading.

Question 29

Clutch fails to disengage

Answer 29

Indicated by the rotor RPM decaying with the engine RPM as the throttle is reduced to the engine idle position when entering an autorotational descent. This condition results in total loss of autorotational capability. - Throttle-Open. - Land as soon as possible.

Question 30

Mast bumping

Answer 30

Land as soon as possible.

Question 31

Hot start

Answer 31

During starting our shutdown, if TOT limits are exceeded, or it becomes apparent the TOT limits may be exceeded. Proceed as follows: - Starter button-Press and hold until turbine outlet temperature is less than 200°C. - Throttle-Closed. - Fuel valve switch-OFF - Complete shutdown.

Question 32

Engine/fuselage/electrical fire on the ground

Answer 32

Emergency shutdown

Question 33

Engine/fuselage fire in flight

Answer 33

Circumstances such as VMC, IMC, night, altitude, and landing areas available must be considered in order to determine whether to execute a power-on, or power-off landing. If power-on landing: - Land as soon as possible. - Emergency shutdown-Accomplish after landing. If power-off landing: - Autorotate. - Emergency shutdown-Accomplish during descent if time permits.

Question 34

Electrical fire in flight

Answer 34

Prior to shutting off all electrical power, the pilot must consider the equipment that is essential to a particular flight environment that will be encountered. - Battery and main generator switches-OFF - IFR Standby generator switch-OFF - Land as soon as possible. - Emergency shutdown-Accomplish after landing.

Question 35

Smoke and fume elimination

Answer 35

Vents-Open | Cockpit and cabin windows-Open for maximum ventilation.

Question 36

Landing in trees

Answer 36

Select a landing area containing the least number of trees of minimum height. Autorotate with the throttle closed using the following: - Airspeed-Minimum at treetop level - Descend-Vertically into trees. - Collective-Apply remaining collective prior to blades entering trees.

Question 37

Ditching power on

Answer 37

Accomplish an approach to a hover above the water and: - Doors-Open. - Crew, except pilot, and passengers-Exit. - Hover a safe distance away from personnel. - Autorotate. Apply all remaining collective as the helicopter enters the water. Maintain a level attitude as a helicopter enters the water. Maintain a level attitude as a helicopter sinks and until it begins to roll, then apply cyclic in the direction of the roll. - Pilot-Exit when the main rotor stops.

Question 38

Ditching power off

Answer 38

If an engine failure occurs over water and ditching is imminent, accomplish engine failure emergency procedures and proceed as follows: - Autorotate. (Decelerate to minimum forward speed as the helicopter nears the water. Apply all remaining collective as the helicopter enters the water. Maintain a level attitude as the helicopter sinks and until it begins to roll, then apply cyclic in the direction of the role.) - Doors-Open. - Crew and passengers-Exit (when the main rotor stops).

Question 39

Flight control malfunctions

Answer 39

Failure of components within the flight control system may be indicated through varying degrees of feedback, binding, resistance, or sloppiness. These conditions should not be mistaken for hydraulic power failure. In the event of a flight control malfunction: - Land as soon as possible. - Emergency shutdown-Accomplish after landing.

Question 40

Un-commanded flight control input malfunction

Answer 40

Maybe indicated through un-commanded lateral or longitudinal cyclic movements. The magnitude may range from mild to severe and the duration may range from one to several seconds. This should not be mistaken for hydraulic power failure. - Collective-Increase if near the ground (to prevent main or tail rotor ground contact). - Pedal-Apply in the direction of turn. - Direct assistance with flight control inputs to level the aircraft. - Land as soon as possible.

Question 41

Lightning strike

Answer 41

- Land as soon as possible. | - Emergency shutdown-Accomplish after landing.