tfw mr.cole gives you half the answers Flashcards
General John J. (“Black Jack”) Pershing led American troops in this effort to cut the German railroad lines supplying the western front. One of the few major battles that Americans participated in during the entire war, it was still under way when the war ended.
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
The first significant engagement of American troops in World War I—and, indeed, in any European war. To weary French soldiers, the American doughboys were an image of fresh and gleaming youth.
Battle of Chateau-Thierry
Woodrow Wilson’s proposal to ensure peace after World War I, calling for an end to secret treaties, widespread arms reduction, national self-determination, and a new league of nations.
14 points
German submarines, named for the German Unterseeboot, or “undersea boat,” proved deadly for Allied ships in the war zone. U-boat attacks played an important role in drawing the United States into the First World War.
U-boats
(1850-1924) A prominent Republican senator from Massachusetts, Lodge was chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and a persistent thorn in President Wilson’s internationalist side when he crusaded against the League of Nations.
Henry Cabot Lodge
Led by Senators William Borah of Idaho and Hiram Johnson of California, this was a hard-core group of militant isolationists who opposed the Wilsonian dream of international cooperation in the League of Nations after World War I. Their efforts played an important part in preventing American participation in the international organization.
Irreconcilables
Members of the Senate who were ready to ratify the Treaty of Versailles with modifications
Reservationists
A nationwide fear of communists, socialists, anarchists, and other dissidents suddenly grabbed the American psyche in 1919 following a series of anarchist bombings.
red scare
Attorney General of the United States from 1919 to 1921. He is best known for overseeing the “Palmer Raids” during the Red Scare of 1919-20
A. Mitchell Palmer
A sentimental triumph of the 1920s peace movement, this 1928 pact linked sixty-two nations in the supposed “outlawry of war.”
Kellogg-Briand Pact
(1899-1947) A notorious Chicago bootlegger and gangster during prohibition, Capone evaded conviction for murder but served most of an eleven-year sentence for tax evasion.
Al Capone
The region of the American South, extending roughly from North Carolina west to Oklahoma and Texas, where Protestant Fundamentalism and belief in literal interpretation of the Bible were traditionally strongest.
Bible Belt
A Protestant Christian movement emphasizing the literal truth of the Bible and opposing religious modernism, which sought to reconcile religion and science. It was especially strong in the Baptist Church and the Church of Christ, first organized in 1906.
Fundementalism
In response to the demanding conditions of modern life, this artistic and cultural movement revolted against comfortable Victorian standards and accepted chance, change, contingency, uncertainty, and fragmentation. Originating among avant-garde artists and intellectuals around the turn of the twentieth century, modernism blossomed into a full-fledged cultural movement in art, music, literature, and architecture.
Modernism
(1856-1939) An Austrian physician who led the way in developing the field of psychoanalysis. One of the most influential minds of the twentieth century, Freud was known for his argument that sexual repression was responsible for a variety of nervous and emotional ills.
Sigmund Freud
(1896-1940) Minnesota-born and Princeton-educated novelist who captured the glamour and spiritual emptiness of the 1920s jazz age in novels such as This Side of Paradise and The Great Gatsby.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
(1899-1961) Novelist and author of The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms. Former newspaper correspondent and wartime ambulance driver, he became an international celebrity for his searing war novels, clipped prose, and personal exploits.
Ernest Hemingway
A creative circle of expatriate American artists and writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Gertrude Stein, who found shelter and inspiration in post–World War I Europe.
Lost Generation
A Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage and Sedition Acts, reasoning that freedom of speech could be curtailed when it posed a “clear and present danger” to the nation.
Schenck v. United States
A court case that took place during the summer of 1925 in Dayton, Tennessee, over the issue of whether evolution could be taught in public schools. Pitting Christian fundamentalists against modernists, the trial eventually produced mixed results for fundamentalists, who won the case but were ridiculed by the national press.
Scopes Trial
(1879-1966) A nurse and prominent birth-control activist who founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which eventually became the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. In 1916, she established the first birth-control clinic in the United States and endured the first of many arrests for illegally distributing information about contraception.
Margaret Sanger
Introduced measures to reduce crop supply, stabilize prices, and support farm incomes.
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
Put unemployed, unskilled young men to work on rural and park improvements.
Civilian Conservation Corps
Hired the unemployed directly and became the largest of all public works programs.
Works Progress Administration
Legalized industry collaboration for price controls and collective bargaining for labor.
National Industrial Recovery Act
Reaffirmed the right of collective bargaining
National Labor Relations Board
Insured bank deposits against bank failure, up to a certain level.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Allowed federal regulation of stock trading in public corporations.
Securities and Exchange Commission
a national system of pensions, unemployment insurance and aid to mothers with children
Social Security Administration
Planned river basin development based on dams and hydroelectricity.
Tennessee Valley Authority
