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EOR > TFS-2.0 > Flashcards

TFS-2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

A U wave on EKG should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Hypokalemia

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2
Q

In heart failure with preserved EF, the EF is greater than what %?

A

50%

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3
Q

Why can’t you lower blood pressure too quickly in the setting of hypertensive crisis?

A

Hypoperfusion

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4
Q

In terms of major and minor criteria what combinations are necessary for diagnosis of endocarditis when using the modified Duke Criteria?

A

2 major
1 major and 3 minor
5 minor

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5
Q

What is the name of the syndrome that involves pericarditis several days after an MI?

A

Dressler syndrome

Treat with ASA and colchicine

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6
Q

What is the accessory pathway associated with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

The Bundle of Kent

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7
Q

What are the three inferior leads?

A

II, III, AVF

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8
Q

Define pulse pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

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9
Q

An opening snap is an indication of what valvular disease?

A

Mitral valve stenosis

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10
Q

MONA is a common mnemonic used to remmeber treating acute coronary syndrome. What does it stand for?

A

Morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin

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11
Q

Define orthostatic hypotension

A

A drop in systolic blood pressure of >20 when standing up.

Or

diastolic blood pressure drop >10 when standing up.

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12
Q

An aortic aneurysm typically does not rupture below what size?

A

5cm

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13
Q

Which lab should be tightly monitored in a patient when taking an aldosterone antagonist? (Spironolactone)

A

Potassium for hyperkalemia

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14
Q

What is the definitive treatment for a patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia?

A

Implanted defibrilattor

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15
Q

What are we so concerned about DVT?

A

50% progress to PE

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16
Q

Diffuse ST elevation on a 12 lead ECG should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Pericarditis

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17
Q

Using the JNC8 what blood pressure do you begin treating a patient over the age of 60 with medication?

A

150/90

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18
Q

What is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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19
Q

What causes the second heart sound? (s2)

A

Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves

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20
Q

Calf pain should always make you think of what diagnosis?

A

DVT

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21
Q

Diminished peripheral pulses may indicate what diagnosis?

A

Atherosclerosisi

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22
Q

What percentage of HTN is esstential HTN?

A

> 90%

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23
Q

Patients with what medical history should consider prophylaxis before dirty procedures for endocarditis?

A

Prosthetic valve, valve repair with any prosthetic material, prior endocarditis, congential cyanotic heart defect

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24
Q

Mitral stenosis patients will usually go on to develop what other cardiac issue?

A

Afib

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25
Q

Why do you get pulsus paradoxus with cardiac tamponade?

A

The heart is squeezed by the tampoande. Its squeezed more with inspiration and left ventricle can’t fill.

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26
Q

An elderly patient presnets with dyspnea, angina, and syncope on exertion but EKG is normal. what is the most likely dx?

A

Aortic stenosis

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27
Q

List two RF for aortic dissection

A

HTN, Marfan’s syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, pregnancy

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28
Q

List three congential heart diseases

A

ASD, VSD, coarctation of aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

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29
Q

Following an MI what medication should you use to be treating HTN?

A

B-Blocker

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30
Q

What are two reasons you can get a cough in the cardiology section?

A

Heart failure, ACE-i

31
Q

What diagnostic tool is used to look for an embolism in an extremity?

A

Doppler

32
Q

On PE you hear a harsh systolic murmur along the right sternal border. what’s the most likely dx?

A

Aortic stenosis

33
Q

A diastolic rumble should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Mitral valve stenosis

34
Q

What is the association between pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade.

A

Pericarditis may lead to pericardial effusion which can lead to tamponade

35
Q

What medication do you use to treat dig toxicity?

A

Digi-bind or Atropine

36
Q

List 5 minor Duke criteria for the diagnosis of endocarditis

A

Predisposing condition, fever of 100.4, vascular phenomenon, immunologic phenomenon, positive blood culture that doesn’t meet major criteria.

37
Q

Name three complications of endocarditis we need to be worried about?

A

Embolization, abscess, acute regurgitation

38
Q

What is the most common cause of HF with preserved EF

A

HTN

39
Q

What imaging needs to be done before taking the pt to the OR for aortic aneurysm?

A

CT (echo may be initial study but CT is necessary for surgery)

40
Q

What are the first-line medications for cardiogenic shock?

A

Norepinephrine or dobutamine

41
Q

A patient with mitral valve prolapse will often have what physical charactersitc?

A

often a thin female

42
Q

Which of the two of the four first line medication classes are preferred in African American pts with uncomplicated HTN?

A

Thiazides or CCB

43
Q

What is the imaging of choice to diagnose an abdominal aortic aneursym

A

Ultrasound

44
Q

No matter what medications you use you are having trouble keeping a blood pressure under control. You notice hyperpigmented skin and truncal obesity with thin extremities. Whats the most likely Dx?

A

Cushing’s disease

45
Q

What are Roth spots and what diagnosis do they indicate?

A

Exudates in the retina, endocarditis

46
Q

Where are conditions of the mitral valve best heard?

A

apex and left lower Sternal border.

47
Q

IS the murmur associated with pulmonic pulmonary regurgitation diastolic or systolic?

A

Diastolic

48
Q

An elevated BNP is an indicative of what disease process?

A

Heart failure

49
Q

Name 4 important components of education when discharging a pt with heart failure

A

Monitor blood pressure
preform daily weights
2 g sodium restriction
2L fluid restriction

50
Q

What is the most common presenting symptom of heart failure?

A

Shortness of breath

51
Q

What is the first line medical treatment for cardiomypathy without other comorbidities

A

B-blocker and Ace-i

52
Q

How long before troponins and CK-mb are elevated after an MI?

A

4-6 hours

53
Q

Are murmurs on the left or the right side side of the heart more common?

A

Left

54
Q

What are the two main causes of aortic stenosis?

A

Congenital/bicuspid/unicuspid valve and calcification of valve secondary to CAD

55
Q

Give 4 characteristics that should make you consider secondary HTN

A

HTN begins before age 25

No family history of HTN

HTN first develops after age 50

Previously controlled HTN can no longer be controlled

HTN which is controlled on three or more medications

56
Q

Treatment for pericarditis post MI?

A

ASA and colchicine

57
Q

Whats the difference between hypertensive urgency and emergency?

A

Urgency > 180 without signs of end organ damage

Emergency - elevated BP with signs of end organ damage

58
Q

Give two characteristics of angina pectoris (stable agina)

A

Brought on by stress either physical or emotional. Relieved by rest or nitrates

59
Q

Electrical alternans on EKG is pathognomonic for what condition?

A

Cardiac tamponade

60
Q

When listening to the murmur of aortic regurg and aortic stenosis what position should be the patient be in?

A

Sitting up, leaning forward and exhaling

61
Q

MCC of sudden death of people under 35 in North america?

A

HOCM

62
Q

What is the management of a patient in SVT?

A

Vagal maneuvers, carotid massage, adenosine

Shock if unstable

63
Q

What is the best way to listen to aortic stenosis?

A

Right second intercostal space with the patient leaning forward on expiration

Radiates to the neck

64
Q

List 3 vessels that can be used in CABG

A

internal mammary artery, saphenous vein, radial artery

65
Q

What heart condition is associated with pulsus alternans?

A

heart failure

66
Q

Is the murmur of aortic stenosis systolic or diastolic

A

Systolic

67
Q

Continuous machine - like murmur makes you think of what dx??

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

68
Q

Name three ACEi’s

A

Catopril, benazepril, enalapril, lisinopril

69
Q

On EKg there is an early but otherwise normal PQRS complex, after that beat there is a slight pause and then an normal rhyhtm continue. What is the term for this beat?

A

Premature atrial contraction

70
Q

Elevated JVP with a giant wave should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Tricuspid stenosis or pulmonic stenosis

71
Q

When do hyperacute t waves occur?

A

Immediately after an MI

72
Q

Paroxsymal nocturnal dyspnea should make you think of what dx?

A

Heart failure

73
Q

A patient in the ER has no pulse, but on EKG there are wide irregular ocmplexes which are at an irregular rate. They all appear very different from one another. What is the treatment?

A

V fib- treatment is defibrilaation

EOR (1 decks)

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